本文經由對社會福利函數的建構,設立社會福利水準指標、經濟效率指標、社會福 利分配不均度指標(絕對與相對)與其相對應的貨幣等值,然後利用民國65年至83年家庭收支 調查原始樣本資料進行實證研究。本文的特色為以個體資料進行總體指標之研究。在觀察期 間裡,本文發現源自家戶消費支出的社會福利水準持續地在提升,表示福利分配的絕對不均數 據亦是在擴大中,然而表示相對不均的數據卻呈下降走勢。由於富的提升程度大於不均的擴大 程度,如此才會使得臺灣地區祉會福利水準提高與相對不均程度下降。社會福利分配不均由貨 幣等值所呈現出的金額都在千億元以上,比例亦在三成左右,顯示不均對社會福利的損失是可 觀的。

　　　　　In this paper, we would like to present methods for evaluating social welfare, economic efficiency, absolute inequality and relative inequality measures based on an explicit social elfare function. These indexes allow us to use micro data to construct aggregate indexes to empirically study the changes of social welfare and inequality. In this study, we use the survey data of family income and expenditure from 1976 to 1994, conducted by DGBAS, to calculate these indexes and their money metric measures. We find that the social welfare derived from household consumption expenditure and the measures of absolute inequality were steadily rose, but in relative terms, inequality declined substantially during the period of observation. The money measures of absolute inequality are over NT$l0 billion, and the money measures of relative inequality are nearly 30%.