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題名:英國文官的政治中立--矛盾與困境
書刊名:歐美研究
作者:鄧志松 引用關係
作者(外文):Teng, Chih-sung
出版日期:1998
卷期:28:3
頁次:頁101-150
主題關鍵詞:文官政治中立行政中立新公共管理柴契爾政府Civil servicePolitical neutralityAdministrative neutralityNew public managementThatcher government
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:7
  • 點閱點閱:147
     一般對文官政治中立的界定是文官立場超然、公正,公平對待不同黨派;然而, 就英國而言,政治中立並不強調公平對待不同黨派,而是公平對待不同政府。亦即,文官必 須以同樣的忠誠,服務不同政府,不論其政治立場為何。就這個觀點而言,英國的文官是具 有政黨傾向的,只是他們如同變色龍般隨時調整自己的政黨色彩。不過,有政黨傾向並不代 表政府可以為所欲為。相反地,基於傳統,英國文官高度自主。表面上,文官沒有法律地位 ;然而,他們立場堅定,捍衛憲政傳統,不遺餘力。值得注意的是,英國的制度有明顯的內 在矛盾,惟賴部長與文官,謹慎自持、互信互賴,矛盾方得以化解。二次大戰以後,英國經 濟發展停滯,文官漸成政策失當的代罪羔羊。政府與文官互信的基礎動搖,傳統的「政治中 立」亦面臨強烈的挑戰。
     The term of political neutrality is used to clarify the duties an d responsibilities of civil servants and their relationships with the incumbent administration. Generally speaking, the terms is taken to mean impartiality, honesty, objectivity, or working for the longterm public interest. However, what does impartiality or objectivity really mean﹖ Or, what kinds of conduct could be seen as neutral﹖ These questions are quite controversial. In this essay, the author takes the British Civil Service as a case study and discusses the theory and practice of British conventions for the political neutrality of civil servants. No doubt the British Civil Service has an excellent reputation; however, there have been some potential conflicts within the British system. After the radical civil service reforms launched by the Conservatives since 1979, it seems that these traditional conventions have become increasingly difficult to maintain.
期刊論文
1.許濱松(19881100)。如何建立文官中立--從外國制度談起。人事月刊,7(5)=39,4-13。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳德禹(19930100)。文官中立的理論與實際。人事月刊,16(1)=89,5-10。  延伸查詢new window
3.陳德禹(19910700)。我國當前政治發展與行政中立問題。理論與政策,5(4)=20,42-50。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Barberis, Peter(1995)。The Civil Service: Continuity and Change。Public Policy and Administration,10(1),3-15。  new window
5.Crowther-Hunt, Lord(1980)。Mandarins and Ministers。Parliamentary Affairs,33(4),373-399。  new window
6.Elcock, Howard(1995)。he Fallacies of Management。Public Policy and Administration,10(1),34-47。  new window
7.Hennesy, P.(1986)。The Westland Affair。Journal of Law and Society,13,423-432。  new window
8.Goldston, Robin, S.(1977)。Patronage in British Government。Parliamentary Affairs,30(1),80-86。  new window
9.Koven, Steven G.(1992)。Base Closings and the Politics Administration Dichotomy Revisited。Public Administration Review,,52(5),526-531。  new window
10.Johnstone, Dorothy.(1986)。Facelessness: Anonymity in The civil service。Parliamentary Affairs,39(4),407-420。  new window
11.O'Toole, Laurence J.(1987)。Doctrines and Developments: Separation of Powers, the Politics-Administration Dichotomy, and the Rise of the Administrative State。Public Administration Review,47,17-25。  new window
12.Oliver, Dawn、Austin, Rodney(1987)。Political and Constitutional Aspects of the Westland Affair。Parliamentary Affairs,40(1),20-40。  new window
13.Parris, Henry(1968)。The Origins of the Permanent Civil Service, 1780- 1830。Parliamentary Affairs,46,143-166。  new window
14.Ridley, F. F.(1986)。Political Neutrality, the Duty of Silence and the Right to Publish in the Civil Service。Parliamentary Affairs,39(4),437-448。  new window
15.Regan, C. M.(1986)。Anonymity in the British Civil Service: Facelessness Diminished。Parliamentary Affairs,39(4),421-436。  new window
16.Stewart, John、Walsh, Kieron(1992)。Change in the Management of Public Services。Public Administration,70,499-518。  new window
17.Shepherd, Rob(1987)。Is the Age of Civil Service Neutrality Over?。Public Administration,65(1),69-79。  new window
18.Rose, Richard(1987)。Steering the Ship of State: One Tiller but Two Pairs of Hands。British Journal of Political Sciences,17(4),409-433。  new window
19.Wright, Maurice(1977)。Ministers and Civil Servants: Relations and Responsibilities。Parliamentary Affairs,30(3),293-312。  new window
20.Wilson, Graham K.(1991)。Prospects for the Public Service in Britain: Major to the rescue?。International Review of Administrative Sciences,57,327-344。  new window
21.Ridley, F. F.(1983)。The British Civil Service and Politics-Principles in Question and Traditions in Flux。Parliamentary Affairs,36(1),28-48。  new window
22.Aucoin, Peter(1990)。Administrative Reform in Public Management: Paradigms, Principles' Paradoxes and Pendulums。Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration,3(2),115-137。  new window
研究報告
1.Cabinet Office(1988)。Improving Management in Government: The Next Steps。London:HMSO。  new window
2.Fulton, Lord(1968)。Report of the Committee 1966-68。London:HMSO。  new window
3.(1949)。Report of the Committee on the Political Activities of Civil Servants。London:His Majesty’s Stationery Office。  new window
4.Treasury and Civil Service Committee(1994)。The Role of the Civil Service, Fifth Report, Session 1993-1994 (計畫編號:HC 27-1)。London:HMSO。  new window
5.Treasury and Civil Service Committee(1993)。The Role of the Civil Service: Interim Report, Sixth Report. Session 1992-1993 (計畫編號:HC 390-1)。London:HMSO。  new window
6.Treasury and Civil Service Committee(1988)。Civil Service Management Reform: The Next Steps, (計畫編號:HC 494)。London:HMSO。  new window
圖書
1.史深良(1989)。西方政制縱橫談。台北:唐山。  延伸查詢new window
2.銓敘部(1995)。公務人員行政中立法草案。  延伸查詢new window
3.銓敘部(1995)。公務員基準法草案。  延伸查詢new window
4.銓敘部(1995)。公務人員行政中立法專輯。台北:銓敘與公保月刊社。  延伸查詢new window
5.銓敘部(1996)。公務人員基準法專輯。台北:銓敘與公保月刊社。  延伸查詢new window
6.關中(1995)。健全文官制度的理念與作為。台北:銓敘部。  延伸查詢new window
7.關中(1993)。國會改造論:對健全立法院的建言。台北:民主基金會。  延伸查詢new window
8.Brown, R. G. S.、Steel, D. R.(1979)。The Administrative Process in Britain。London:Methuen。  new window
9.Birch, Anthony H.(1993)。The British System of Government。London:Routledge。  new window
10.Beetham, David(1987)。Bureaucracy。Open University Press。  new window
11.Beetham, David(1974)。Max Weber and the Theory of Modem Politics。London:George Allen and Unwin Ltd.。  new window
12.Cabinet Office(1991)。Competing for Quality。London:HMSO。  new window
13.UK Cabinet Office(1995)。The Civil Service: Taking Forward Continuity and Change。London:HMSO。  new window
14.Cabinet Office(1996)。Civil Service Management Code。London:HMSO。  new window
15.Chapman, Brian(1980)。The Profession of Government: The Public Service in Europe。Connecticut:Greewood Press。  new window
16.Cabinet Office(1997)。Civil Service Statistics。London:HMSO。  new window
17.Fry, Geoffrey K.(1985)。The Changing Civil Service。London:George Allen & Unwin。  new window
18.(1993)。Career Management and Succession Planning Study。London:HMSO。  new window
19.Drewry, Gavin、Butcher, Tony(1993)。The Civil Service Today。Oxford:Basil Blackwell。  new window
20.Hennesy, P.(1989)。Whitehall。London:Secker & Warburg。  new window
21.Greenwood, John、Wilson, David(1990)。Public Administration in Britain Today。London:Unwin Hyman。  new window
22.Knott, Jack H.、Miller, Gary J.(1987)。Reforming Bureaucracy: The Politics of Institutional Choice。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, Inc.。  new window
23.Kingdom, John W.(1991)。Government and Politics in Britain。Oxford:Polity Press。  new window
24.Jordan, Grant(1994)。Organising without Certainty。London:Routledge。  new window
25.Miliband, Ralph(1973)。State in Capitalist Society。New York:Basic Books。  new window
26.Plowden, William(1994)。Ministers and Mandarins。London:IPPR。  new window
27.Peters, B. Guy(1989)。The Politics of Bureaucracy。New York:Longman。  new window
28.Parris, Henry(1969)。Constitutional Bureaucracy; The Development of British Central Administration Since the Eighteenth Century。New York:Augustus M. Kelley. Publishers。  new window
29.Self, Peter(1993)。Government by the Market。London:Macmillan。  new window
30.Scott, D. M. M.、Kobrin, D. L.(1973)。"O" Level British Constitution。London:Butterworths。  new window
31.Pyper, Robert(1995)。The British Civil Service。London:Prentice Hall:Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
32.Theakston, Kevin(1995)。The Civil Service Since 1945。Oxford:Blackwell。  new window
33.Dowding, Keith(1995)。The Civil Service。Routledge。  new window
34.Mosher, F. C.(1982)。Democracy and the Public Service。New York, NY。  new window
35.Cabinet Office(1994)。The Civil Service: Continuity and Change。London:HMSO。  new window
36.許介鱗(1988)。英國史綱。臺北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
37.Weber, Max、Gerth, Hans Heinrich、Mills, C. Wright(1946)。From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology。Oxford University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.許濱松(1996)。英美公務員政治中立之研究--兼論我國公務員政治中立應有之做法。文官體制之比較研究。中央研究院歐美研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.林文益(1995)。公務人員政治中立之研究。公務人員行政中立法專輯。台北:銓敘部。  延伸查詢new window
3.銓敘部(1992)。先進民主國家文官中立之研究。銓敘部人事制度研究改進委員會討論事項資料。  延伸查詢new window
4.施嘉明(1995)。行政中立請從機關首長做起。公務人員行政中立法專輯。台北:銓敘部。  延伸查詢new window
5.蕭全政(1994)。文官政策的時代意義與改革方向。重建文官體制。財團法人張榮發基金會:國家政策研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
6.(1985)。The Duties and Responsibilities of Civil Servants in Relation to Ministers。The British System of Government。London:Allen & Unwin。  new window
7.關中(1995)。行政中立與政黨政治。公務人員行政中立法專輯。台北:銓敘部。  延伸查詢new window
8.Caiden, Gerald E.(1984)。In Search of an Apolitical Science of American Public Administration。Politics and Administration: Woodrow Wilson and American Public Administration。New York:Marcel Dekker, Inc.。  new window
9.Hennesy, P.(1986)。The Westland Affair。Ministerial Re-sponsibility。Oxford:Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Plowden, William(1985)。The Culture of Whitehall。Today's Civil Service。Essex:Longman。  new window
11.Van Riper, Paul P.(1984)。The Politics-Administration Dichotomy: Concept or Reality?。Public and Administration。New York:Marcel Dekker, Inc.。  new window
12.Wilson, Woodrow(1968)。The Study of Administration。The Papers of Woodrow Wilson。Princeton:Princeton University Press。  new window
13.陳德禹(1990)。行政中立問題之檢討。重建行政體制。臺北:國家政策研究資料中心。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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