觀察、訪談與文件分析是質的研究�堨D要的收集資料方式，其中以觀察法最常為 體育教師或運動教練所使用。在運動教學或訓練的情境�堙A運動的指導者自然的與該情境結 合，不會造成學習者的困擾，因此教師或教練是最好的參與觀察者。在觀察學習行為時，若 能對所欲觀察的動作目的、流程、重點、要求、使用的力、常犯錯誤與修正練習方式等時間 與空間特性有所瞭解，可以有效的節省指導的時間，增加學習的效率。本研究所規劃的觀察 學習模式分為動作內容分析表與動作流程時空圖兩種；前者需要透過學有專長的教師與教 練，將重要的學習內容以文字方式敘述出來並彙整成表，後者則是以圖示方式將動作發生的 時間性表達出來。在實際使用上不論是指導者或學習者，都可以透過上述兩種圖表驗證自己 在該項目的知識，並且透過認知的過程學習動作技術。

　　　　　Observation, Interview, and Document analysis are the major tools for collecting data in the qualitative research. Among these three methods the Observation is most often used by the Physical Education teachers and coaches. In the athletic teaching and training environment, due to the nature of the role, an instructor is the best participant observer who will not cause any discomfort to the learners. During actual observation, if an instructor understands the goal of the movement, the movement's, procedures, and key points, the movement requirements, mistakes made frequently, and corrective practice method heor she will be able to teach more efficiently and the learner can learn more effectively. Two major practice models have been developed by the author, one is the movement content analysis table and the other is time-spatial analysis graph. They can accumulate important knowledge from the teachers and help the students to learn through the use of models. e from the teachers and help the students to learn through the use of models.