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題名：私有化或多元主義﹖--臺灣與英國年金制度改革的比較分析
書刊名：社會政策與社會工作學刊
作者：吳明儒 引用關係／張菁芬 引用關係
作者(外文)：Wu, Ming-ju／Chang, Chin-fen
出版日期：1999
卷期：3:2
頁次：頁37-100
主題關鍵詞：三層年金制度；年金私有化；多元主義；Three-tiered pension schemes；Privatization of Pension；Pluralism
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:23
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本文著重在英國私有化經驗能提供臺灣年金制度改革何種參考，並比較兩個不同社會在實施年金制度條件之異同，分析現行臺灣發展年金制度發展是屬私有化或多元主義，及其背後原因的探討。因此，本文擬討論（1）在釐清私有化與多元主義在老年年金討論中的本質與內涵，以尋求比較研究的基礎；（2）探討英國年金私有化的歷程，主要著眼於人口變遷、就業市場的發展趨勢、年金財務狀況以及政黨競爭等影響因素的討論；（3）分析臺灣退休金制度發展之歷程，分別從人口結構、政治結構、經濟發展及政府財政等面向進行討論；（4）進而以臺灣及英國年金制度的發展經驗，分析兩個個案在年金制度發展中私有化與多元主義歷程的差異；（5）最後探討英國年金制度發展的經驗提供五點臺灣年金制度改革的參考。 歸納言之，本文之結論：（I）以英國的經驗來看，台灣尚在建構年金制度的階段，從現階段勞工退休金擬採個人退休帳戶方案的改革方向來看，年金權保障雖然得以加強，不過年金基金仍由政府部門加以集體管理的方式，顯然與英國逐漸由市場運作的私有化形式仍有不同。（2）台灣年金改革與其說是私有化，保守言之，不如說是朝向多元主義的發展趨勢。（3）從英國年金制度發展過程來看，年金私有化的目的在減輕政府財政負擔；台灣過去的老年經濟安全制度，政府財政的壓力並非直接來自於社會安全支出，因此既然政府從未在年金制度上投注造成負擔，故而實無「年金私有化」之論述。（4）近年來受社經環境及人口老化因素的影響，使執政黨擬議規劃更具體的年金政策，但是財務規劃卻趨向保守，不敢貿然採行完全由政府加稅或開放自營退休金的市場政策，反而選擇由保費與給付同步調整（國民年金）以及政府主導基金運用（勞工退休新制）的保守政策。（5）就制度面來說，「想要好又要花錢少」 的內在結構性矛盾，是否只是反映台灣獨特的政經時空，或已經發展一套屬於台灣特性的年金制度改革模式則尚待觀察。
This paper aims to explore the development of pension reform in Taiwan. There are some points are worth analyzing: 1) What's the meaning of the privatization and pluralism that apply to the pension policy and further, we will discuss the process of pension privatization in Britain. 2) To retrospect the transition from the state to the market about the development of pension policy in Britain. 3) According to 1 ) and 2) as above, we want to analyze the mechanism of pension scheme reform and the options for pension policy. 4) Through the experience of British pensions, we try to exam the retirement payment policy in Taiwan from the perspective of comparative study. 5) How to learn lessons from the British experiences with the privatization of pension? According to our analysis, we find: 1) The development of pension scheme have approached to be more complicated than Britain have done, but people will lose their freedom to choose the types of retirement' s economic security plan. 2) Britain tries to end Basic Pension or keep it in low level of income replacement ratio, but at present Taiwan try to propose a universal National Pension Scheme urgently. 3) British Government efficiently utilizes the policy of tax relief to encourage people to choose private pension instead of public pension, but Taiwan Government stops up the function of tax exemption in order to centralize the pension fund. 4) An organization that is an independent review broad of pension scheme for supervising the British Pension Schemes is not belonging to the bureaucracy, but the management unit of pension fund in Taiwan is a part of bureaucracy. 5 ) In conclusion, the pension experience in British is going to privatize under less regulated by the state, but Taiwan case is inclined to be a pluralism under more regulated by KMT.
期刊論文
1.鄭清霞、呂朝賢、王篤強(19950900)。「福利私有化」及其對臺灣福利政策的意涵。人文及社會科學集刊，7(2)，147-174。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Voirin, Michel(1995)。Private and Public Pension Schemes: Elements of a Comparative Approach。International Social Security Review，48(3/ 4)，91-141。  new window
3.林萬億(19930500)。國家與社會政策：臺灣與瑞典的比較。國立臺灣大學社會學刊，22，95-147。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.林萬億、葉琇姍(19920600)。臺灣的社會運動與社會政策--以福利弱勢團體運動為例。社會工作學刊，2，137-156。  延伸查詢new window
5.吳明儒(19971200)。臺灣未來企業退休金制度改革之分析。社會政策與社會工作學刊，1(2)=2，137-188。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Rajnes, David M.、Turner, John A.(1995)。Can Private Pension Systems Fill the Gap?。Aging International，June，38-43。  new window
7.Falkingham, Jane、Johnson, Paul(1994)。Privatization and Pensions。Benefits，10(April/ May)，5-9。  new window
8.古允文(1995)。The Development of State Welfare in the Asian NICs with Special Reference to Taiwan。Social Policy & Administration，29(4)，345-364。  new window
9.Hill, Michael(1997)。Whither Social Policy?。社會政策與社會工作學刊，1(1)，5-46。  延伸查詢new window
10.詹火生(1995)。近五十年來臺灣地區的社會福利發展。理論與政策，10(1)，111-121。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.鄭文輝(1994)。當前各種年金制度之經濟觀。臺北。89-116。  延伸查詢new window
2.鄭文輝、吳明儒(1997)。如何建立久遠勞工福利，促進勞資雙贏－勞工退休所得保障之檢討。沒有紀錄。13-36。  延伸查詢new window
3.吳明儒、Cheng, Wen-Hui Peter(1997)。The Construction of the Supplementary Pension System in Taiwan。Taipei。14-15。  new window
研究報告
1.行政院經濟建設委員會(1996)。中華民國臺灣地區民國84年至125年人口推計。臺北：行政院經濟建設委員會。  延伸查詢new window
2.行政院經濟建設委員會(1995)。國民年金保險制度整合規劃報告。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.中國信託商業銀行(1992)。年金信託業務專案研究報告。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Whitehouse, Edward、Johnson, Paul、Disney, Richard、Dilnot, Andrew(1994)。Pensions Policy in the UK: An Economic Analysis。London, UK：The Institute for Fiscal Studies。  new window
2.Ferrara, Peter J.、Goodman, John C.(1988)。Private Alternatives to Social Security in Other Countries。Texas：National Center for Policy Analysis。  new window
3.Beveridge, William(194211)。Social insurance and allied services: report by Sir William Beveridge, presented to Parliament by command of His Majesty。London：HMSO。  new window
4.柯木興(1987)。勞工退休金作業手冊。臺北市：三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
5.Watanabe, Noriyasu、Turner, John(1995)。Private Pension Policies in Industried Countries: A Comparative Analysis。Private Pension Policies in Industried Countries: A Comparative Analysis。Michigan。  new window
6.Retirement Income Inquiry(1994)。Retirement Income Inquiry: Summary of Evidence。Retirement Income Inquiry: Summary of Evidence。London, UK。  new window
7.Shragge, Eric(1984)。Pensions Policy in Britain: A Socialist Analysis。Pensions Policy in Britain: A Socialist Analysis。London, UK。  new window
8.Oldfield, Maurice(1983)。Understanding Pension Schemes。Understanding Pension Schemes。沒有紀錄。  new window
9.O'Higgins, Michael(1986)。Public/ Private Interaction and Pension Provision。Public/ Private Interplay in Social Protection: A Comparative Study。New York, NY。  new window
10.Pension Law Review Committee(1993)。Pension Law Reform: the Report of the Pension Law Review Committee。Pension Law Reform: the Report of the Pension Law Review Committee。London, UK。  new window
11.Nobles, Richard(1993)。Pension, Employment, and the Law。Pension, Employment, and the Law。Oxford。  new window
12.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(1988)。Ageing Populations: The Social Policy Implications。Ageing Populations: The Social Policy Implications。Paris, France。  new window
13.Nesbitt, Steven(1995)。British Pensions Policy Making in the 1980s: The Rise and Fall of a Policy Community。British Pensions Policy Making in the 1980s: The Rise and Fall of a Policy Community。Aldershot, UK。  new window
14.Labour Party Manifesto(1997)。Labour Party Manifesto- New Labour Because Britain Deserves Better。Labour Party Manifesto- New Labour Because Britain Deserves Better。London, UK。  new window
15.John, Atkinson、Lange, Thomas(1995)。Employment Trends and Prospects for Older Worker to 2030。Employment Trends and Prospects for Older Worker to 2030。London, UK。  new window
16.Johnson, Paul(1996)。Pension: 2000 and Beyond Volume 2: Analysis of Trends and Options。Pension: 2000 and Beyond Volume 2: Analysis of Trends and Options。London, UK。  new window
17.Hill, Michael(1993)。The Welfare State in Britain。The Welfare State in Britain。Aldershot, UK。  new window
18.Ellis, Bryan(1989)。Pensions in Britain: 1955-1975。Pensions in Britain: 1955-1975。London, UK。  new window
19.Keegan, Jill、Thomas, Andrew、Chetwynd, Mark、Hales, Jon、Dundon-Smith, Davis(1997)。Pension Schemes Inquiries and Disputes。Pension Schemes Inquiries and Disputes。London, UK。  new window
20.DSS(1997)。Welfare Reform Focus file 02: The Evolution of Social Security。Welfare Reform Focus file 02: The Evolution of Social Security。London, UK。  new window
21.DHSS(1986)。Social Security Act。Social Security Act。London, UK。  new window
22.DSS(1995)。Pension Act 1995。Pension Act 1995。London, UK。  new window
23.DSS(1997)。Welfare Reform Focus File 06: Pensioners' Incomes。Welfare Reform Focus File 06: Pensioners' Incomes。London, UK。  new window
24.McDermedAnn, A.、Clark, Robert L.(1990)。The Choice Pension Plan in Changing Regulatory Environment。The Choice Pension Plan in Changing Regulatory Environment。Washington, DC。  new window
25.Conservative Party(1997)。Conservative Party Manifesto: You Can Only Be Sure With the Conservatives。Conservative Party Manifesto: You Can Only Be Sure With the Conservatives。London, UK。  new window
26.Campbell, Nigel、Budd, Alan(1996)。The Roles of the Public and Private Sectors in the UK Pension System。The Roles of the Public and Private Sectors in the UK Pension System。London, UK。  new window
27.Payne, Sarah、Brown, Muriel(1994)。Introduction to Social Administration in Britain。Introduction to Social Administration in Britain。London, UK。  new window
28.Atkinson, A. B.(1994)。State Pensions for Today and Tomorrow。State Pensions for Today and Tomorrow。London, UK。  new window
29.Atkinson, A. B.(1991)。The Development of State Pension in the United Kingdom。The Future of Basic and Supplementary Pension Schemes in the European Community - 1992 and Beyond。Nomos Verlagsgesllschaft。  new window
30.(1994)。英國社會安全制度－改革與現況探討。英國社會安全制度－改革與現況探討。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.財政部(1997)。財政統計年報，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
2.行政院經濟建設委員會(1997)。臺灣地區就業市場年報，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
3.行政院經濟建設委員會(1997)。「勞動基準法勞工退休金改採勞工退休年金基金（公積金）制度」規劃構想，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
4.行政院主計處(1998)。中華民國薪資與生產力統計月報，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
5.(1997)。老人狀況調查報告，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
6.內政部社會司(1998)。國民年金制度規劃工作現況之資料（八十五年至八十七年二月），0。  延伸查詢new window
7.公務人員退休撫卹基金管理委員會(1998)。公務人員退休撫卹基金動態統計指標資料卡，0。  延伸查詢new window
8.House of Commons(1997)。Parliamentary Debate: Written Answers to Questions, Social Security, Pension Review，0。  new window
 
 
 
 
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