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題名：文化對個體風險感知的影響：文化認知理論的解釋
書刊名：心理科學進展
作者：汪新建／張慧娟／武迪／呂小康
出版日期：2017
卷期：2017(8)
頁次：1251-1260
主題關鍵詞：風險感知；格-群理論；文化世界觀；風險文化理論；文化認知理論；Risk perception；Grip-group theory；Cultural worldview；Risk culture theory；Cultural cognition theory
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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文化認知理論旨在從個體層面研究與文化因素相關的個體風險感知差異。它以"格-群"維度劃分文化世界觀,"格"維度衡量社會的制度化程度,"群"維度衡量社會群體對個體的影響程度,由此編制文化認知量表以測量個體文化理念差異。目前已驗證認同保護認知、偏見同化與群體極化、文化易得性、文化可信性、文化認同確認五種作用機制,并在情感啟發式研究的基礎上引入文化沖突模因作為中介變量建立理論模型。后續研究可推進文化認知測量工具的跨文化檢驗與本土化修訂,并在具體風險主題研究的基礎上探索切實可行的公共風險管理對策。
Cultural cognition theory aims to study risk perception differences related to culture factors at individual level. With this theoretical perspective, individual cultural worldview can be categorized into a two-dimensional matrix reflecting ‘group’ and ‘grid’. The ‘group’ dimension measures an individual preference for the social structures that encourage social bonds and cooperation versus those that encourage individual differences and competition. The ‘grid’ dimension reflects preferences for the structures that ensure role-based social stratification versus those that encourage equal opportunity. Along with this theoretical framework, cultural cognition scales has been developed to measure individual exact location in this two-dimensional matrix. Five mechanisms, which are identity protective cognition, biased assimilation, group polarization, cultural availability, cultural credibility and cultural identity affirmation, have been verified as supports to cultural cognition theory. Besides, in light of the affect heuristic theory, researchers also introduced cultural conflict meme as a mediating variable to develop the concrete model of cultural cognition theory. Further research will focus on the cross-cultural validation and indigenization of cultural cognitive scales, and try to explore effective public risk management strategies, based on the empirical research on specific risk factors.
期刊論文
1.Slovic, Paul、Peters, Ellen(2006)。Risk Perception and Affect。Current Directions in Psychological Science，15(6)，322-325。  new window
2.Xue, Wen、Hine, Donald W.、Loi, Natasha M.、Thorsteinsson, Einar B.、Phillips, Wendy J.(2014)。Cultural Worldviews and Environmental Risk Perceptions: A Meta-analysis。Journal of Environmental Psychology，40，249-258。  new window
3.Li, Wanxin、Liu, Jieyan、Li, Duoduo(2012)。Getting their voices heard: Three cases of public participation in environmental protection in China。Journal of Environmental Management，98，65-72。  new window
4.Slovic, P.、Finucane, M. L.、Peters, E.、MacGregor, D. G.(2004)。Risk as analysis and risk as feelings: Some thoughts about affect reason, risk, and rationality。Risk Analysis，24(2)，311-322。  new window
5.Marris, C.、Langford, I. H.、O'Riordan, T.(1998)。A quantitative test of the cultural theory of risk perceptions: Comparison with the psychometric paradigm。Risk Analysis，18，635-647。  new window
6.Kahan, D. M.、Braman, D.、Slovic, P.、Gastil, J.、Cohen, G.(2009)。Cultural cognition of the risks and benefits of nanotechnology。Nature Nanotechnology，4，87-90。  new window
7.Dake, K.(1992)。Myths of nature: culture and the social construction of risk。Journal of Social Issues，48(4)，21-37。  new window
8.Kahan, D. M.、Braman, D.(2006)。Cultural cognition and public policy。Yale Law & Policy Review，24，147-170。  new window
9.陳銳鋼(2013)。超越宗教研究：瑪麗．道格拉斯的“格/群”文化理論。宗教社會學，2013(1)，361-380。  延伸查詢new window
10.陳銳鋼(2015)。溝通原始與現代：對“格/群”文化理論的再分析。宗教社會學，2015(3)，194-210。  延伸查詢new window
11.王鋒(2013)。當代風險感知理論研究：流派、趨勢與論爭。北京航空航天大學學報（社會科學版），26(3)，18-24。  延伸查詢new window
12.尹小娟、鐘方雷、徐中民(2014)。基於格-群文化理論的水資源認知差異分析--以黒河中游甘州區農村居民為例。自然資源學報，29，166-176。  延伸查詢new window
13.張小君、鐘方雷、徐中民(2012)。世界觀差異對公衆參與水資源管理的影響研究--以黒河中游甘州區為例。中國農村水利水電，2012(10)，53-57。  延伸查詢new window
14.Chen, J. Q.、Zhang, R. D.、Lee, J.(2013)。A cross-culture empirical study of m-commerce privacy concerns。Journal of Internet Commerce，12(4)，348-364。  new window
15.Ellis, R. J.、Thompson, F.(1997)。Culture and the environment in the pacific northwest。American Political Science Review，91，885-898。  new window
16.Finucane, M. L.、Slovic, P.、Mertz, C. K.、Flynn, J.、Satterfield, T. A.(2000)。Gender, race, and perceived risk: The 'white male' effect。Health, Risk & Society，2(2)，159-172。  new window
17.Jenkins-Smith, H. C.、Herron, K. G.(2009)。Rock and a hard place: Public willingness to trade civil rights and liberties for greater security。Politics & Policy，37，1095-1129。  new window
18.Kahan, D. M.(2013)。Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection。Judgment and Decision Making，8，407-424。  new window
19.Kahan, D. M.、Braman, D.(2003)。Caught in the crossfire: A defense of the cultural theory of gun-risk perceptions。University of Pennsylvania Law Review，151，1395-1416。  new window
20.Kahan, D. M.、Braman, D.、Cohen, G. L.、Gastil, J.、Slovic, P.(2010)。Who fears the HPV vaccine, who doesn't, and why? An experimental study of the mechanisms of cultural cognition。Law and Human Behavior，34，501-516。  new window
21.Kahan, D. M.、Braman, D.、Gastil, J.、Slovic, P.、Mertz, C. K.(2007)。Culture and identity-protective cognition: Explaining the white-male effect in risk perception。Journal of Empirical Legal Studies，4，465-505。  new window
22.Kahan, D. M.、Braman, D.、Monahan, J.、Callahan, L.、Peters, E.(2010)。Cultural cognition and public policy: The case of outpatient commitment laws。Law and Human Behavior，34，118-140。  new window
23.Kahan, D. M.、Jamieson, K. H.、Landrum, A.、Winneg, K.(2017)。Culturally antagonistic memes and the Zika virus: An experimental test。Journal of Risk Research，20，1-40。  new window
24.Langford, I. H.、Georgiou, S.、Bateman, I. J.、Day, R. J.、Turner, R. K.(2000)。Public perceptions of health risks from polluted coastal bathing waters: A mixed methodological analysis using cultural theory。Risk Analysis，20，691-704。  new window
25.Liu, J.(2016)。Digital media, cycle of contention, and sustainability of environmental activism: The case of anti-PX protests in China。Mass Communication and Society，19，604-625。  new window
26.O'Connor, R. E.、Bord, R. J.、Fisher, A.(1998)。Rating threat mitigators: Faith in experts, governments, and individuals themselves to create a safer world。Risk Analysis，18，547-556。  new window
27.Peters, E.、Slovic, P.(2006)。The role of affect and worldviews as orienting dispositions in the perception and acceptance of nuclear power。Journal of Applied Social Psychology，26，1427-1453。  new window
28.Piff, P. K.、Stancato, D. M.、Cote, S.、Mendoza-Denton, R.、Keltner, D.(2012)。Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior。Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，109，4086-4091。  new window
29.Roberts, S. M.、Grattan, L. M.、Toben, A. C.、Ausherman, C.、Trainer, V. L.、Tracy, K.、Morris, J. G. Jr.(2016)。Perception of risk for domoic acid related health problems: A cross-cultural study。Harmful Algae，57，39-44。  new window
30.Silva, C. L.、Jenkins-Smith, H. C.(2007)。The precautionary principle in context: scientists' prescriptions for policy in the face of uncertainty。Social Science Quarterly，88，640-664。  new window
31.Slovic, P.、Vastfjall, D.(2010)。Affect, moral intuition, and risk。Psychological Inquiry，21，387-398。  new window
32.van der Linden, S.(2015)。A conceptual critique of the cultural cognition thesis。Science Communication，38，128-138。  new window
33.Xue, W.、Hine, D. W.、Marks, A. D. G.、Phillips, W. J.、Zhao, S. Y.(2015)。Cultural worldviews and climate change: A view from china。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，19，134-144。  new window
34.Lord, Charles G.、Ross, Lee、Lepper, Mark R.(1979)。Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarization: The Effects of Prior Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，37(11)，2098-2109。  new window
35.Kahan, D. M.、Jenkins-Smith, H.、Braman, D.(2011)。Cultural cognition of scientific consensus。Journal of Risk Research，14(2)，147-174。  new window
36.Cohen, G. L.(2003)。Party over Policy: The Dominating Impact of Group Influence on Political Beliefs。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，85(5)，808-822。  new window
研究報告
1.Kahan, D. M.、Braman, D.、Slovic, P.、Gastil, J.、Cohen, G. L.(2007)。The second national risk and culture study: Making sense of-and making progress in-the American culture war of fact。  new window
圖書
1.Dougla, Mary(1970)。Natural Symbols Explorations in Cosmology。London：Barrie & Rockliff。  new window
2.Thompson, Michael、Ellis, Richard、Wildavsky, Aaron A.(1990)。Cultural theory。Westview Press。  new window
3.Gross, Jonathan L.、Rayner, Steve(1985)。Measuring Culture: A Paradigm for the Analysis of Social Organization。New York：Columbia University Press。  new window
4.瑪麗．道格拉斯、張晨曲(2013)。制度如何思考。北京：經濟管理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Slovic, Paul(2000)。The Perception of Risk。Earthscan。  new window
6.Douglas, Mary、Wildavsky, Aaron(1982)。Risk and Culture, an essay on the selection of technological and environmental dangers。University of California Press。  new window
7.Gastil, J.、Jenkins-Smith, H.、Silva, C.(1995)。Analysis of cultural bias survey items。Albuquerque：University of New Mexico Press。  new window
8.Pohl, R. F.(2012)。Cognitive illusions: A handbook on fallacies and biases in thinking, judgement and memory。New York：Psychology Press。  new window
9.Slovic, P.、Flynn, J.、Kunreuther, H.(2013)。Risk, media and stigma: Understanding public challenges to modern science and technology。London：Routledge。  new window
圖書論文
1.Rayner, Steve(1992)。Cultural Theory and Risk Analysis。Social Theories of Risk。Praeger Publischer。  new window
2.Jenkins-Smith, H.(2001)。Modeling stigma: An empirical analysis of nuclear waste images of Nevada。Risk, media, and stigma: Understanding public challenges to modern science and technology。Earthscan。  new window
 
 
 
 
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