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題名:戀人親密情景下的回避型與安全型依戀個體情緒調節電生理差異
書刊名:心理學報
作者:楊青青胡娜陳旭牛娟翟晶
出版日期:2018
卷期:2018(3)
頁次:306-316
主題關鍵詞:安全型回避型認知重評表達抑制事件相關電位ERPSecure attachmentAvoidant attachmentCvoidant attachmentExpression suppressionERPs
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本研究采用事件相關電位(ERP)技術,通過測量由視覺誘發的腦電成分晚正成分波(LPP)來比較回避型個體與安全型個體在戀人親密情景下的情緒調節策略,即認知重評和表達抑制的電生理特征上的差異。實驗結果:在戀人親密情景下,較之自發觀看條件,安全型個體使用認知重評下調時產生較小的LPP波幅,使用表達抑制下調于晚期產生較大的LPP波幅。回避型個體使用表達抑制下調時產生較小的LPP波幅。結果表明:(1)安全型個體使用認知重評和回避型使用表達抑制均能有效持久的下調積極情緒。(2)回避型個體使用表達抑制和安全型個體使用認知重評一樣在下調積極情緒早期發揮重要作用。本實驗結果從時間進程的角度拓展了以往關于不同依戀類型個體情緒調節機制的研究。
People differ in adult attachment style perceive and regulate their social relationships and emotions in the different ways. Previous researches have investigated the efficiency and preference of emotion regulation strategies among different attachment styles and found that the secure attachment individuals tend to reappraise the context and reinterpret events in a mildly way while the avoidant individuals prefer to deactivate the distressed experience and suppress emotional expression. However, empirical evidences were still lacked when exploring the temporal dynamics of the neural processes. The current study tends to fill this research gap by using event-related potentials(ERP) to investigate how avoidant and secure attachment individuals differ in their two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression, in lovers intimate scenarios. Forty-three participants(twenty-two avoidant and twenty-one secure attachment individuals), ages of 18–25 years, participated in the study. The experiment consisted of two sessions. In the first session, participants were instructed to freely view(VIEW) and to respond naturally to the content without trying to alter the upcoming emotions. In the second session, participants were instructed to regulate their emotions either in a reappraisal way or in a suppression way. Results showed that:(1)secure attachment individuals reported significantly higher level of pleasure than the avoidant individuals in response to the intimate pictures;(2) secure individuals reported significantly higher level of valence and arousal scores than the avoidant individuals in the emotion regulation condition. ERP analysis further indicated that the mean amplitude of the LPP in response to the intimate pictures in the secure individuals when adopting the cognitive reappraisal strategy was significantly lower thanwhen they in the free-viewing condition in five time windows. However, when using expression suppression strategy, secure individuals showed a significantly reduced LPP amplitude in 300–500, 500–700 ms time windows, compared with the free watching conditions, and showed increased LPP amplitude in 900–1100 ms and 1100–1300 ms time windows. For avoidant individuals, which they used expression suppression strategy, the pictures evoked a significant lower LPP amplitude compared to free-viewing condition in the five time windows. However, there was no significant differences when they used reappraisal strategy compared to spontaneous watching. In sum, there were significant differences both in the subjective emotional measures and electrophysiological responses in response to the lover’s intimacy pictures between the avoidant and secure attachment individuals which they used either the cognitive reappraisal or the expression suppression to regulate their positive emotions. At an early phase of positive emotion regulation, secure individuals applied cognitive reappraisal strategy to regulate emotions efficiently or sustainably, while the avoidant individuals used expression suppression strategy. This study enriched the theoretical relationship between the different emotion regulation strategies and attachment styles, and broadens the research width of emotion regulation and attachment, which can further provided theoretical basis for future researches focusing on the emotion regulation.
 
 
 
 
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