通過主題詞研究法,黑格爾的"Handlung"與馬克思的"Praxis"之間的演替過程能夠得到清楚呈現。"Handlung"在黑格爾客觀精神理論中被主題化,它在道德領域指道德意志或主觀意志的外顯,在倫理領域則既包括市民社會中具有特殊性和中介性的勞動,也包括政治國家中具有普遍性的政治行動。"Praxis"一開始被馬克思主題化為理論的現實化和世界化,后來它尤其被理解為一般勞動和革命。19世紀上半葉德國實踐哲學中"Handlung"向"Praxis"的演替背后是時代和時代精神的變化。在馬克思的時代,資本主義大工業生產的發展體現出社會化勞動生產的巨大威力,它支配著包括道德行動和政治行動在內的一切方面,同時引發了資產階級與無產階級之間的沖突和革命。

The evolution from Hegel’s "Handlung"to Marx’s "Praxis"can be clearly presented through keyword analysis. In Hegel’s theory of objective spirit,the keyword "Handlung "refers to the manifestation of the subjective or moral will in the ethical realm,and signifies both particular and intermediary labor in civil society and universal political actions in a state. "Praxis,"which was first thematized as the realization of theory by Marx,was later particularly understood as labor in general and revolution. The change of the era and of the spirit of the times underlay the evolution from "Handlung"to "Praxis"in German practical philosophy in the first half of the nineteenth century. In Marx’s time,the development of massive capitalist industrial production reflects the tremendous power of socialized labor,which governs all aspects of life including moral and political actions,and triggers revolutionary conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.