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題名:走出道德的困境--從麥金太爾的德行實踐觀談起
書刊名:淡江人文社會學刊
作者:洪櫻芬 引用關係
作者(外文):Hung, Ying-fen
出版日期:2008
卷期:35
頁次:頁1-24
主題關鍵詞:麥金太爾實踐德行道德傳統Asladair MacIntyrePracticeVirtueMoralityTradition
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面對當代在道德問題上無止盡的爭論,麥金太爾檢視西方歷史進程中的倫理演變,以及「道德」意義的變化,發現儘管道德見解歧異甚大,但其中仍有相通之處,他指出,完整道德圖像具備三大元素:未受教化的人性、體認目的的人、道德概念。麥氏還從亞里斯多德學說中,汲取到德行概念的豐富源泉,並以獨到的思路提出三大概念:「德行」、「實踐」以及「傳統」。其中「實踐」是作為研究德行的核心,所謂「實踐」是人類合作活動的複雜、連貫形式。完整的實踐,內蘊「德行」的踐履。「德行」具有三階段,首先是達到「實踐」的內在善所必需,其次是對整體生活的善有助益,再次是關聯著善的追求,這善概念是由續存的社會「傳統」所闡明和擁有。「善」的臻至就在於德行的顯現,德行、實踐與傳統,密不可分。「實踐」的完整性需要「德行」的運行,「實踐」的永續需要繫於「傳統」的力量。實踐是傳統中的元素,透過傳統,實踐為之發展,當前的時代正是持續見證著實踐的歷史,而且因著傳統,社會共同體的成員們,藉著分享核心信念與承諾緊密聯結。在麥金太爾的德行倫理學脈絡中,希冀能為當前的道德困境覓得康莊大道。
Alasdair MacIntyre (b. 1929), a British-American moral philosopher, inspects the moral conceptions changing in Western history and has found that although there are quite a few differences in interpretations about morality between schools, the core values derived from its essence have remained the same or stood on identical common ground. He indicates that a complete portrait of morality must include at least three elements: the untutored human nature, the person who realizes his telos and moral concepts. He intakes abundant ideas about morality from Aristotle's teachings and brings forward such unique moral thoughts as virtue, practice and tradition. Among them, practice is the main domain in his research on morality. Integral practice must contain virtue. In short, we acquire the goods of internal practice only through virtue. The continued development of practice is based upon tradition, and by which practice may be kept progressing. The current ages are still witnessing the progress of practice. Through tradition the communities share beliefs and concerns with each other. This paper place its main focus upon MacIntyre's assertions on virtue ethics and anticipates a solution of some sort to the obstruction in moral philosophy that the society is now facing.
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