Northern Song scholarly divisions over the Qingmiao Fa(Green Shoots Policy)are reflected in different interpretations of the concept of"national interest-bearing loans"in the Quanfu Section of the Rites of Zhou(Zhou Li).Wang Anshi adopted Zheng Xuan's annotation,which emphasized the importance of the social division of labor,the monetary character of the economy,and national loans,whereas the opposition,represented by Han Qi,adopted Zheng Zhong's interpretation,emphasizing the features of the natural economy and its material attributes and opposing national interest-bearing loans.The new policies were criticized by their opponents for combining policy and economic theory and for using the price lever to induce the populace to use currency rather than material goods.Most scholars after the Southern Song dynasty,influenced by their political positions,rejected Wang Anshi's reforms and questioned Zheng Xuan's interpretation and even the Rites of Zhouitself.This demonstrates the influence of the interpenetration of political history and scholarly history.