The long-term exchange and fusion of the Zhuang and Han cultures in Guangxi lays a cultural foundation for ethnic identity and national identity. The article analyzes the present situation of the fusion of the Zhuang and Han cultures from the perspective of cultural ecology, and elaborates the fusion and symbiosis of the Zhuang and Han cultures in Guangxi in terms of political ecology, economic ecology, cultural ecology and social ecology. At the same time, it also analyzes the ideological and cultural influence of the fusion of the Zhuang and Han cultures on ethnic identity and national identity.