In viewing of the studies on the regional minority autonomous system within the domestic theoretical and academic circle in the recent two decades, this paper holds that the regional ethnic autonomous system in China provides institutional guarantee to the unity and struggle as a team and the common prosperity and development of the Chinese nation. The system with great theoretical innovation and glorious performance should unswervingly be adhered to and implemented. At the same time, under the great national strategy of "the Belt and Road" in the new period, theoretical exploration, performance studies and innovation and development of the system of regional minority autonomy ought to be adhered to so as to approach its functions played in the pattern of diversity in unity and to promote the abilities of political integration and frontier governance of our country.