文章利用雙差分策略評估了中國生育政策對女性地位的影響。研究發現，以農村地區為參照組，一胎化政策使在計生政策之后出生的城鎮女性平均多接受了0.71年教育;以少數民族為參照組，生育政策使受干預隊列中女性受教育年限提高了1.45年，生育政策對性別教育平等具有明顯的促進效應。隨著女性相對教育水平的提高，市場中性別收入差距開始縮小，但性別間教育回報率差距沒有顯著變化，市場中性別歧視程度沒有顯著下降。同時，以家務分工態度和婚姻獨立態度衡量的性別觀念沒有發生顯著的變化。由于市場歧視程度和社會性別觀念沒有顯著變化，隨著中國全面放開二孩，在未來可以通過勞動力市場政策進一步強化就業平等，利用相關配套政策促進性別平等。

This paper assesses the effect of Chinese family planning policy on women’s social status using data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey.Employing regression models by difference-in-difference strategy,the study finds that urban women under the one-child policy have 0.71 more years of schooling than rural women,and the family planning policy also enables the intervention groups to have 1.45 more years of schooling than the control group—ethnic minorities.The family planning policy has obviously promoted gender education equality.With the improvement of female education level,gender income gap began to shrink.But no significant reduction has occurred in the gender gap of return on education.Furthermore,Attitude to division of housework and to marital independence has not significantly changed.