This study discusses several issues. To begin with, what are the basic intelle
ctual elements in May Fourth era that caused the establishment of the Chinese
totalitarianism? How does the "cluster of totalitarian ideas" express itself
in the form of communism? What kind of nature is the community that is estab
lished based on the principle of the "clluster of totalitarian
ideas"? In the c
hapter of Lu Xun, the main issue discussed is how Lu Xun pursues the "absolute
freedom." This kind of "absolute freedom" is achieved by the "warriers in th
e spiritual realm" for all human beings. The "absolute freedom," accroding to
Lu Xun, eliminates all individual elements in order to keep its own universal
ity and transcendency. In a way, the absolute freedom is exactly the represen
tation of the "cluster of totalitarian ideas." In the chapter
of Mao, the autho
r discusses how Mao, as a "spiritual individualist," realized his "Da Wo" (Gre
at I). Each individual member in this "Da Wo" has to sacrifice their own inte
rests in order to accomplish the interests of "Da Wo." In
discussing the collec
tivism, the author takes a small group, which experiments on communism, as an
example to illustrate the nature of this kind of community. In this kind of c
ommunity, small or big, objectification and impersonalization are achieved on
the personal and subjective level instead of the level of legal and institutio
nal systems. This character actually originates from Chinese empire. The obj
ectification and impersonalization of the empire are reflections of the empero
r''s subjective personality, which results from constant moral cultivation. Ho
wver, nowadays every member (instead of the emperor) in this kind of collective
group, either a small group or PROC, has to exercise moral cultivation for th
e purpose of national objectification and impersonalization. In this sense, P
ROC is a people''s empire, in which every member has to do the emperor''s job an
d therefore every member is an emperor.