:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:疾病意義、身體意象與認同形式:糖尿病患者社會心理因應歷程
作者:林耀盛 引用關係
作者(外文):Lin, Yaw-Sheng
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:心理學研究所
指導教授:吳英璋
學位類別:博士
出版日期:1999
主題關鍵詞:疾病意義身體意象我性/同/社會認同他者社會心理慢性病
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:72
摘要
基於臨床工作者雙重角色---「實務工作」與「學術研究」之實踐,以及研究方法論的省思,本研究以「社會建構式紮根法」(研究一)與「問卷測量法」(研究二)雙重取徑,在疾病意義建構、身體意象形塑與認同形式轉化等變項的研究主軸下,探討糖尿病患者社會心理因應歷程,旨在指出慢性病不但是個人生病事件,也是一種社會事件,同時呈顯慢性病事件結構於「社會化」與「自然化」之間的辯證張力意義。
綜合本「研究一」與「研究二」的主要結果指出,「疾病意義」、「我性/同一/社會認同」與「身體意象」(即「I-B-M」的循環辯證動力關係)等研究變項所涵攝的概念命題及因素結構,可以捕捉糖尿病患者在長期變化的/不確定的病程中「變」與「不變」的「社會心理」歷程,亦可體現慢性病事件在「自我」與「他者」互動脈絡下所展現的多重意義與指涉內涵。
再者,慢性病控制是患者日常生活的重要課題,而所謂控制感的生成,不是只定位在關於慢性病病程的疾病本身之控制,而是該讓患者「具象化看到」控制本身對維持日常生活功能與增進心理福祉感的正向效益。若此,或可「延緩」併發症「不利因子聚合」發生的「機率」,對於慢性病的控制才會展現長期的效果。另外,本研究發現,以「憂鬱情感傾性」做為患者長期罹病狀態,可能導致心緒失落傷懷與生活適應欠佳的心理病因指標具解釋上的有效性。此外,糖尿病患者所置身社會關係重建之形態,與其說是重構新社會網絡,毋寧說是對「後代子孫的根本關照」為病者世界裡人際互動的軸心。本研究同時對糖尿病患者疾病經驗歷程裡對人生態度的轉化面向、生活適應模態,以及慢性病事件中所涵蘊的「風險」因子與「他者」意義進行討論。
本研究方法論可說示演了「質化研究典範」是在辯證的與批判的語彙下描述觀察對象,著重在「歷程」的「如何」發展與蘊生「什麼」核心概念等知識建構的議題。「量化研究典範」是在邏輯的、分析的與科學的術語下檢證觀察變項,強調的是變項間「為何」的關連關係與「多少」解釋共變量的討論。然而,質化研究法與量化研究法的選擇關聯親近性,理當建基於研究者的問題意識與科哲立場,兩者範式間並非不可共量性,亦無優劣主從之別。
至於本研究結果的指涉意涵點出,健康心理學研究思維從笛卡爾身心二元對立觀點出走,意味著心理學肉身化的可能性。同時,當醫護人員以人文主義的基本關懷面對慢性病個案,個案將充分實踐主體性,並主動建構疾病意義,學習與疾病和平相處,共存共榮。在此醫療脈絡下,一方面可以減少患者耗費醫療資源,一方面得以提昇患者精緻生活品質。
關於研究限制部分,本研究以「門診中心」且「年齡層略高」的「糖尿病」患者為研究樣本探討其「社會心理」變化意義與因應歷程,未來拓展到患者不同年齡層/差異醫療方式族群與其他慢性病病種時,相關研究變項需再更分殊細膩化。因之,關於本研究結果類推應用的可能侷限,是健康心理學家在學術研究上知識論的反思及臨床上進行心理諮商/衡鑑時須注意的環節。
行政院衛生署(1997)衛生資訊-衛生統計-死因統計。
行政院衛生署(1999)衛生資訊-衛生統計-死因統計。
李立維(1987) 成人糖尿病患者生活適應之探討-從遵行醫囑觀點之研究。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
林宏達(1998)糖尿病的診斷與分類:述論美國糖尿病學會專家委員會一九九七年報告。(From http://www.vghtpe.gov.tw/~meta/dmclass.htm)
林耀盛(1990)慢性病門診病人的疾病控制信念與疾病因應方式。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。new window
林耀盛(1998)健康與疾病概念初探。未發表之手稿。
俞筱鈞修訂(1995)曾氏心理健康量表指導手冊。台北:中國行為科學社。
胡幼慧(1997)另類醫療者的社會空間:一項田野研究的初步分析。發表於「宗教、靈異、科學與社會」學術研討會。台北:中央研究院。new window
翁嘉英(1997)失能性慢性病患之自我評價歷程與自尊感對其初期因應策略的影響。國立台灣大學心理學研究所博士論文。new window
陳秀蓉(1998)個體對身體症狀訊息之注意、解釋以及調節控制。國立台灣大學心理學研究所博士論文。new window
張苙雲(1993)工具理性與實質理性之間:剖析醫院醫療照顧的儀式性與迷思。民族學研究所集刊,第74期,63-93。台北:中央研究院。new window
張苙雲(1998)醫療與社會:醫療社會學的探索。台北:巨流圖書公司。new window
陳慶餘、吳英璋(1987)以生物心理社會模式探討台大新生之身心症狀。中華心理衛生學刊卷3,第一期,89-105。new window
傅大為(1992)孔恩與中國文化、民主與科學研討會對談-部份錄音記實。收錄於傅大為(1992)異時空裡的知識追逐-科學使與科學哲學論文集。頁305-321。台北:東大圖書公司。
鄭逸如(1987)慢性B型肝炎患者的認知及情緒與病情發展的關係。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
羅貴祥(1997)德勒茲。台北:東大圖書公司。
Abram, H. (1972). The psychology of chronic illness, Editorial. Journal of Chronic Disease , 25, 659-664.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Washington, DC.
Armstrong, D. (1990). Use of the genealogical method in the exploration of chronic illness: A research note. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 30, No. 11, 1225- 1227.
Auge'', M. & Herzlich, C. (Eds.)(1995). The meaning of illness: Anthropology, history and sociology. Australia: Harwood Academic Press.
Auge'', M. (1995). Biological order, social order; illness, a primary form of event. In M. Auge'' & C. Herzlich. (Eds.), The meaning of illness: Anthropology, history and sociology(pp. 23-70). Australia: Harwood Academic Press.
Averill, J. R. (1973). Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress. Psychological Bulletin, 80(4), 286-303.
Bachrach, L. (1992). "The chronic patient": In search of a title. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43, 867-868.
Bakhurst, D. & Sypnowich, C. (Eds.)(1995). The social self. London: Sage publications.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. N.Y.: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American psychologist, 44, 1175-1184.
Bandura, A. (1990). Some reflections on reflections. Psychological Inquiry, 1, 101- 105.
Barnard, D. (1995). Chronic illness and the dynamics of hoping. In S. K. Toombs, D. Barnard., & A. Carson. (Eds.), Chronic illness: From experience to policy(pp. 38-57). Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Barry, C. A., Britten, N., Barber, N., Bradley, C. & Stevenson, F. (1999). Using reflexivity to optimize teamwork in qualitative research. Qualitative health research, Vol. 9, No.1, 26-44.
Bates, M. S. , Rankin-Hill, L. & Sanchez-Ayendez, M. L. (1997). The effect of cultural context of health care on treatment of and response to chronic pain and illness. Social Sciences and Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 9, 1433-1447.
Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Toward a new modernity. London: Sage publications.
Beck, U. (1995). Ecological politics in an age of risk. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Becker, M. H. (1979). Understanding patient compliance: The contributions of attitudes and other psychosocial factors. In S. J. Cohen(Ed.), New directions in patient compliance. Lexington, MA: Health.
Becker, M. H., & Rosenstock, I. M. (1984). Compliance with medical advice. In A. Steptoe & A. Mathews(Eds.), Health care and human behavior. London: Academic Press.
Belar, C. D. & Geisser, M. E. (1996). Roles of the clinical health psychologist in the management of chronic illness. In P. M. Nicassio & T. W. Smith(Eds.), Managing chronic illness: A biopsychosocial perspective(pp. 33-57). Washington: American Psychology Association.
Bhaskar, R. (1989). The possiblility of naturalism. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Billig, M. (1987). Arguing and thinking: A rhetorical approach to social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Billig, M. (1991). Ideology and opinions: Studies in rhetorical psychology. London: Sage.
Blaxter, M. (1997). Whose fault is it? People''s own conceptions of the reasons for health inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 6, 747-756.
Bradley, C. (1988). Stress and diabetes. In S. Fisher. & J. Reason. (Eds.), Handbook of life stress, cognition and health(pp. 383-401). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Brown, P. (1995). Naming and framing: The social construction of diagnosis and illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Extra Issue, 34-52.
Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of Meaning. London: Harvard University Press.
Burman, E. (1997). Psychology: Market, metaphor and metamorphosis. Culture and Psychology, Vol.3(2), 143-152.
Burr, V. (1995). An introduction to social constructionism. London and New York: Routledge.
Canguilhem, G. (1989). The normal and the pathological. N.Y.: Zone Books.
Charmaz, K. (1990). ''Discovering'' chronic illness: Using grounded theory. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 30, No.11, 1161-1171.
Charmaz, K. (1991). Good days, bad days: The self in chronic illness. N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
Charmaz, K. (1994). Identity dilemmas of chronically ill man. The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 2, 269-288.
Christensen, A. J., Morgan, P. J., & Wiebe, J. S. (1999). Assessment of irrational heath belief: Relation to health practices and medical regimen adherence. Health Psychology, Vol18, No2, 169-176.
Churchland, P. M. (1994/1988)。「物質與意識」。 台北:遠流出版社。(中譯者為汪益)。
Cohen, S. & Rodriguez, M. S. (1995). Pathways linking affective disturbances and physical disorders. Health Psychology, Vol. 14, No.5, 374-380.
Conrad, P. (1990). Qualitative research on chronic illness: A commentary on method and conceptual development. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 30, No. 11, 1263-1275.
Corbin, J. M. & Strauss, A. (1988). Unending work and care: managing chronic illness at home. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1985). Hypochondriasis, neuroticism, and aging. American Psychologist, 40, 19-28.
Crawford, R. (1994). The boundaries of the self and the unhealthy others: Reflections on health, culture and AIDS. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 38, No.10, 1347-1365.
Cronbach, L. J. (1957). The two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 12, 671-684.
Cronbach, L. J. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 30, 116-126.
Csordas, T. J. (Ed.)(1994/1996). Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Currer, C. & Stacey, M. (Eds.)(1986). Concepts of health, illness and disease: A comparative perspective. Leamington Spa: Berg.
Curt, B. C.(1994). Textuality and tectonics: Troubling social and psychological science. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Danziger, K. (1990). Constructing the subject: Historical origins of psychological research. N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
Denzin, N. K. (1997). Interpretive ethnography: Ethnographic practice for the 21th century. London: Sage publications.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1984). Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and schizophrenia London: Athlone.
Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln(Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research(pp. 1-17). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
de Wolfe, P. (1996). A world without illness? The ''thinking away'' of the chronically sick. In A. Perry. (Ed.), Sociology: Insight in health care(pp. 107-132). London: Arnold.
Dimsdale, J. E. & Baum, A. (Eds.)(1995). Quality of life in behavioral medicine. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Downie, R. S., Fyfe, C. & Tannahill, A. (1990). Health promotion: Models and values. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications.
Due, P., Holstein, B., Lund, R., Modvig, J. & Avlund, K. (1999). Social relations: network, support and relational strain. Social Science and Medicine, 48, 661-673.
Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196, 125-139.
Engel, G. L. (1980).The clinical applications of the biopsychosocial model. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 535-544.
Eiser, J. R. (1995). Of matters of fact and psychological discourse. Psychology and Health, Vol. 5, 267-271.
Erikson, E. H. (1963/1993). Childhood and society. N.Y.: W. W. Norton & Company.
Estroff, S. E. (1995). Whose story is it anyway? Authority, voice, and responsibility in narratives of chronic illness. In S. K. Toombs.; D. Barnard., & A. Carson. (Eds.), Chronic illness: From experience to policy(pp. 77-102) Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Ewart, C. K. (1991). Social action theory for a public health. American Psychologist , 46, 931-946.
Eysenck, H. J. (1997). The future of psychology. In R. L. Solso. (Ed), Mind and brain sciences in the 21st century(pp. 271-301). Cambridge: The M. I. T. press.
Featherstone, M. (1982). The body in consumer culture. Theory, Culture and Society 4, 339-361.
Featherstone, M. (1991). The body in consumer culture. In M. Featherstone., H. Hepworth., & B. S. Turner. (Eds.), The body: Social process and cultural Theory(pp. 170-196). London: Sage Publications.
Fernandez, E., & Turk, D. C. (1992). Sensory and affective components of pain: Separation and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 205-217.
Fife, B. L. (1995). The measurement of meaning in illness. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 40, No. 8, 1021-1028.
Fishbein, M. (1980). A theory of reasoned action: Some applications and implications. In M. M. Page (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1979. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.
Fishbein, M. (1982). Social psychological analysis of smoking behavior. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Social psychology and behavior medicine. N.Y.: Wiley.
Foster, G. M., & Anderson, B. G. (1978). Medical anthropology. N.Y.: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Foucault, M. (1970/1994). The order of things(Vintage Books Edition). New York: Vintage Books.
Foucault, M. (1973). The birth of the clinics. London: Tavistock.
Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. London: Tavistock.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected interviews and other writing 1972-1977. Brighton: Harvester Press.
Fox, N. J. (1993). Postmodernism, sociology and health. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Fox, P. D. & Fama, T. (Eds.)(1996). Managed care and chronic illness: Challenges and opportunities. Maryland: Aspen Publishers, Inc.
Fox, P. D. & Fama, T. (1996). Managed care and chronic illness: An overview. In P. D. Fox. & T. Fama. (Eds.), Managed care and chronic illness: Challenges and opportunities (pp. 3-7). Maryland: Aspen Publishers, Inc.
Frank, A. K. (1998). From dys-appearance to hyperappearance: sliding boundaries of illness and bodies. In H. J. Stam ( ed.), The body and psychology(pp.205-232). London: Sage.
Frank, R. G. & Ross, M. (1995). The changing workforce: The role of health psychology. Health Psychology, Vol.14, No.6, 519-525.
Friedman, R. ,Sobel, D., Myers, P., Caudill, M. & Benson, H. (1995). Behavioral medicine, clinical health psychology, and cost offset. Health Psychology, Vol.14, No.6, 509-518.
Gabe, J. (1995). Health, medicine and risk: the need for a sociological. In Gabe, J. (Ed.), Medicine, Health and Risk(pp.1-17). London: Blackwell publishers.
Garro, L. C. (1992). Chronic illness and the construction of narratives. In Mary-Jo D. Good., P. E. Brodwin. , B. J. Good. & A. Kleiman. (Eds.), Pain as human experience: An anthropological perspective(pp.100-137). Berkeley: University of California press.
Gatchel, R. J. ,Polatin, P. B., & Kinney, R. K. (1995). Predicting outcome of chronic back pain using clinical predictors of psychopathology: A prospective analysis. Health Psychology, Vol14, No5, 415-420.
Gergen, K. J. (1994). Toward transformation in social knowledge. London: Sage publications.
Gergen, K. J. (1996). Social psychology as social construction: The emerging vision. In C. McGarty & A. Haslam (Eds.), For the message of social psychology: Perspective on mind in society. Oxford: Blackwell.
Gerhardt, U. (1989). Ideas about illness: An intellectual and political history of medical sociology. London: Macmillan.
Gerhardt, U. (1990). Introductory essay: Qualitative research on chronic illness: The issue and the history. Social Science and Medicine, V30, No11, 1149-1159.
Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of a theory of structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Gilman, S. L. (1996). Picturing health and illness: Images of identity and difference Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Golue, E. S. (1994). The limits of medicine. N.Y.: Times Book. Gordon, D. R. (1990). Embodying illness, embodying cancer. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 14, 275-297.
Greaves, D. (1996a). Mystery in western medicine. Avebury: Ashgate Publushing Ltd.
Greaves, D. (1996b). Concepts of health, illness and disease. In D.Greaves. & H.Upton. (Eds.), Philosophical problems in health care(pp71-86.) Aldershot: Avebury.
Greaves, D. & Upton, H.(Eds.)(1996). Philosophical problems in health care. Aldershot: Avebury.
Greco, M. (1993). ''Psychosomatic subjects and the "duty to be well": Personal agency within medical rationality''. Economy and Society, V22, No3, 357-372.
Green,S. A. (1985). Mind and body: The psychology of physical illness. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.
Guba, E. G. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln(Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research(pp.105-117).Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Hall, S. (1996). Introduction: Who needs ''identity''? In S. Hall & P. Du Gay(Eds.), Questions of cultural identity(pp.1-17). London: Sage.
Hampson, S. E. (1997). Illness representations and the self-management of diabetes. In K. J .Petrie & J. A. Weinman. (Eds.), Perceptions of health and illness: current research and applications(pp323-347). Australia: Harwood academic publishers.
Harre, R. (1983). Personal being: A theory for individual psychology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Harre, R. (1995). Discursive psychology. In J. A. Smith., R. Harre., & L. V. Langenhove. (Eds.), Rethinking psychology(pp143-159). London: Sage.
Haynes, R .B,, Wang, E., & Gomes, M.(1987). A critical review of interventions to improve compliance with prescribed medications. Patient Education and Counseling, 10, 155-166.
Helgeson, V. S. & Franzen ,P. L. (1998). The role of perceived control in adjustment to diabetes. Anxiety, stress, and coping, Vol. 11, 113-136.
Herzlich, C. & Pierret, J. (1987). Illness and self in society. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Hewson, D. (1997). Coping with loss of ability: "Good grief" or episodic stress responses ? Social Sciences and Medicine, Vol44, No8, 1129-1139.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513-524.
Hollinger, R. (1994). Postmodernism and social sciences: A thematic approach. London: Sage publications.
Horgan, J. (1996). The end of science: Facing the limit of knowledge in the twilight of scientific age. N.Y.: Broadway Books.
Howell,R. H., Krantz,.D. S., & Barnard, M. (1995). Person environment interactions are alive and well in health psychology. Psychology and Heaith,Vol5, 281-284.
Hoyningen-Huene, P. (1993). Reconstructing scientific revolution. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Jackson,J. (1994). Chronic pain and the tension between the body as subject and object. In T. J. Csordas. (Ed.), Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self(pp201-228). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jacobson, A. M. , de Groot, M. & Samson, J. (1995). Quality of life research in patients with diabetes mellitus. In J .E. Dimsdale & A. Baum. (eds.), Quality of life in behavioral medicine research(pp241-262.) Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Publishers.
James, W. (1890) .The principles of psychology. London: Macmillian.
Johnston, M. (1995) .Internal processes in health psychology. Psychology and Health,Vol5, 273-276.
Kaplan, R. M. (1995). Changed subject or wrong subject? Psychology and Health, Vol5, 277-280.
Kavanagh, A. M. & Broom, D.H .(1998).Embodied risk: My body, myself? Social Science and Medicine, Vol 46, No3, 437-444.
Kelley, M. P. & Field, D. (1996). Medical sociology, chronic illness and the body. Sociology of Health and Illness,Vol18, No2, 241-257.
Kimble, G. A. (1984). Psychology''s two cultures. American Psychologist,Vol39, 8, 833-839.
Kleinman, A. (1988). The illness narrative: Suffering, healing, and the human condition N.Y.: Basics.
Kleinman, S. & Copp, N. A. (1993). Emotions and fieldwork: Qualitative research method, 28. Newbury Park: Sage.
Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life event and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
Koch, S. (1993). Psychology or psychological studies? American Psychologist, 48, 902-904.
Kuhn, T.(1970). The structure of scientific revolutions(2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, T. (1996). The structure of scientific revolutions(3rd ed.).Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kvale, S. (1992) Postmodern psychology: A contradiction in terms? In S.Kvale (Ed.), Psychology and postmodernism. London: Sage publications.
Lacan, J. (1977). Ecrits: A selection. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Laudan, L. (1990). Science and relativism: Some key controversies in the philosophy of science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lazarus, R. S., Coyne, J. C. & Folkman, S. (1984). Cognition, emotion and motivation: The doctoring of humpty dumpty. In K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman(Eds.),Approaches to emotion(pp221-237). N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
Leary. D. E. (1990). Psyche''s muse: The role of metaphor in the history of psychology. In D. E. Leary(Ed.), Metaphors in the history of psychology. N.Y. : Cambridge University Press.
Leder, D. (1990). The absent body. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Leupin, A. (1991). Lacan and the human sciences. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press.
Leventhal, H. & Diefenbach, M. (1991). The active side of illness cognitions. In J. A. Skelton & R. T. Croyle (eds.), Mental representation in health and illness (pp247-272). N.Y. : Springer-Verlag.
Levy, R. I. (1984). The emotions in comparative perspective. In K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman.(Eds.), Approaches to emotion(pp397-412). NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
Lincoln, Y. S. (1995). The sixth moment: Emerging problems in qualitative research. Studies in Symbolic Interaction, 19, 37-55.
Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage publications.
Lubkin, I. M. (1995). Chronic illness: Impact and interventions. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Luckmann, T. (1991). The constitution of human life in time. In J. Bender. & D. E. Wellbery. (Eds.), Chronotypes: the construction of time(pp151-166). California: Standford University Press.
Lupton, D. (1997). Consumerism, reflexivity and medical encounter. Social Science and Medicine, Vol45, No3, 373-381.
Lyon, M. L. & Barbalet, M. (1994). Society''s body: Emotion and the "somatization" of social theory. In T. J. Csordas. (Ed.), Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self(pp48-66). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lyons, R. F., Sullivan, M. J .L., Ritvo, P. G. & Coyne, J. C. (1995). Relationships in chronic illness and disability. London: Sage.
Manicas, P. T. (1987). A history and philosophy of the social sciences. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Martin, E. (1992). The end of the body? American Ethnologist,19,121-140.
Mazzuca, S. (1982). Does patient education in chronic disease have therapeutic value? Journal of Chronic Disease, 35, 521-529.
Mead, H. (1934). Mind, self and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Melamed, B. G. (1995). Introduction to the special section: The neglected psychological-physical interface. Health Psychology,v14,no5,371-373.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). The phenomenology of perception. London: Routeledge and Kegan Paul.
Metezl, N. (1970). Lived time-phenomenological and psychopathological studies Evanston: Eastern university press.
Miller, J. F. (1983). Coping with chronic illness: Overcoming powerlessness. Taipei: 南山堂出版社。
Miller, S. M. (1980). Why having control reduces stress: If I can stop the roller coaster, I don''t want to get off. In J. Garber. & M. E .P. Seligman. (Eds.), Human helplessness: Theory and applications. N.Y: Academic press.
Miller, S. I. & Fredericks, M. (1999) How does grouded theory explain? Qualitative Health Research, Vol9, No4, 538-551.
Modell, A. H. (1997). The private self and relational theory. In E. R. Shapiro (Ed.), The inner world in the outer world: Psychoanalytic perspectives. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
Molder, B. (1997). Psychology rethought? Culture and Psychology, V3(2), 225-230.
Morgan, D. L. (1998). Practical strategies for combining qualitative and quantitative methods: Applications to health research. Qualitative health research, V8, No3.
Morse, J. M. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research(pp220-235) Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Morse, J. M. & Johnson, J. L. (1991) (Eds.). The illness experience: Dimensions of suffering. London: Sage publications.
Nekolaichuk, C. L.; Jevne, R. F. & Maguire, T. O. (1999). Structuring the meaning of hope in health and illness. Social science and medicine, 48, 591-605.
Nettleton, S. (1995). The sociology of health and illness. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Nettleton, S. (1997). Governing the risky self: How to become healthy, wealthy and wise. In A. Petersen. & R. Bunton. (Eds.), Foucault, health and medicine(pp207-222). London: Routledge.
Nicassio, P. M. & Smith, T. W. (Eds.)(1996). Managing chronic illness: A biopsychosocial perspective. Washington: American Psychology Association.
Ogden, J. (1995). Changing the subject of health psychology. Psychology and Health, Vol5, 257-265.
Paker, I. (1990). The abstractions and representations of social psychology. In I. Paker & J. Shotter (Eds.), Deconstructing social psychology. London: Routledge.
Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Paul, G. (1967). Strategy of outcome research in psychology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 109-119.
Pearlin, L. I., Lieberman, M. A., Menaghan, E. G., & Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22,337-356.
Petersen, A. (1997). Risk, governance and the new public health. In A. Petersen. & R. Bunton,. (Eds.), Foucault, health and medicine(pp189-206).London: Routledge.
Pierret, J. (1993). Constructing discourses about health and their social determinants. In A. Radley. (Ed.), Worlds of illness: Biographical and cultural perspectives on health and disease(pp9-26). London: Routledge.
Pinell, P. (1996). Modern medicine and the civilizing process. Sociology of Health and Illness, Vol18, No1,1-16.
Pollock, K. (1993). Attitude of mind as a means of resisting illness. In A. Radley. (Ed.), Worlds of illness: Biographical and cultural perspectives on health and disease(pp49-70). London: Routledge.
Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., & Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behavior. American Psychologist, 47,1102- 1114.
Radley, A. (1991). The body and social psychology. N.Y. : Springer-Verlag.
Radley, A. (1993). The role of metaphor in adjustment to chronic illness. In A. Radley. (Ed.), Worlds of illness: Biographical and cultural perspectives on health and disease(pp109-123). London: Routledge.
Radley, A.(1994). Making sense of illness: The social psychology of health and disease. London: Sage.
Radley, A. (Ed.) (1993). Worlds of illness: Biographical and cultural perspectives on health and disease. London: Routledge.
Radley, A. & Billig, M. (1996). Account of health and illness: Dilemmas and representation. Sociology of Health and Illness, Vol18, No2, 220-240.
Rawson, D. (1992). The growth of health promotion theory and its rational reconstruction: Lessons from philosophy of science. In R, Bunton. & G, Macdonald (Eds.), Health promotion: Disciplines and diversity. London: Routledge.
Reid, D. W. (1984). Participatory control and the chronic-illness adjustment. In H. M. Lefcourt.(Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct: Extensions and limitations. N.Y: Academic Press.
Ricoeur, P. (1977). The rule of metaphor. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Ricoeur, P. (1992). Oneself as another. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rogers, C. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Roiser, M. (1997). Postmodernism, postmodernity and social psychology. In T. Ibanez & L. Iniguez. (Eds.), Critical social psychology(pp95-110). London: Sage.
Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Synder, S. S.(1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 5-37.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80,1-28.
Sampson, E. E.(1998).Establishing embodiment in psychology. In H. J. Stam ( ed.). The body and psychology(pp30-53).London: Sage.
Sach, L. (1995). Is there a pathology of prevention? the implications of visualizing the invisible in screening programs. Culture, medicine and psychiatry, 19,503-525.
Sandy, L. S. & Gibson, R. (1996). Managed care and chronic care: Challenges and opportunities. In P. D. Fox. & T. Fama. (Eds.), Managed care and chronic illness: Challenges and opportunities(pp8-18). Maryland: Aspen Publishers, Inc.
Sarbin, T. R. (Ed.) (1986). Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct. N.Y. : Praeger Publishers.
Schneider, J. & Conrad, P. (1981). Medical and sociological typologies: The case of epilepsy. Social Science and Medicine, 15A, 211-219.
Schutz, A. (1971). On multiple realties. In Schutz, Collected Paper,vo1.The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Schwartz, C. E. & Daltroy, L. H. (1999). Learning from unreliability: the importance of inconsistency in coping dynamics. Social Science and Medicine,48, 619-631.
Schwarzer, R. (1995). A window on the self: Reconstructing thought processes to understand human action. Psychology and Health, v5, 285-289.
Shakow, D. (1976). What is clinical psychology? American Psychologist, 31, 553-560.
Shapiro, E. R. (Ed.) (1997). The inner world in the outer world: Psychoanalytic perspectives. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Shotter, J. (1993a). Cultural politics of everyday life. Buckinngham: Open University Press.
Shotter, J. (1993b). Conversational reality: Constructing life through language. London: Sage.
Shotter, J. (1995). Dialogical psychology. In J. A. Smith., R. Harre., & L. V. Langenhove. (Eds.), Rethinking psychology(pp,160-178). London: Sage.
Skolbekken, J. (1995). The risk epidemic in medical journals. Social Science and Medicine, V40, No3,291-305.
Sontag, S. (1990). Illness as metaphor and AIDS and its metaphor. N.Y. : Anchor Book/Doubleday.
Spicer, J. (1995). Individual discourse in health psychology. Psychology and Health, V5, 291-294
Staats, A. W. (1991). Unified positivism and unification psychology. American Psychologist, Vol46, 9, 899-912.
Staats, A. W. (1993). Separatism with unification. In H. V. Rappard., P. J. Van Strien., L. P. Mos., & W. J .Baker (Eds.), Annals of theoretical psychology, Vol9. New-York: Plenum Press.
Staianno, K. V. (1986). Interpreting sings of illness: A case study in medical semiotics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Strauss, A. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1988). Shaping a new health care system. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. London: Sage publications.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J (1991a).Trajectory framework for management of chronic illness. In Strauss, A (1991). Creating sociological awareness. New Brunswick: Transaction.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1991b). Criteria for evaluating a grounded theory. In Strauss, A.(1991). Creating sociological awareness. New Brunswick: Transaction.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory and methodology: An overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research(pp273-285). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to threating events: A theory of cognitive adaptions. American Psychologist, Nov.
Thoit, P. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? what next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Extra Issue, 53-79.
Thompson, R. F. (1997). Will the mind become the brain in the 21st century? In R. L. Solso. (Ed.), Mind and brain sciences in the 21st century(pp39-50). Cambridge: The M. I. T. press.
Thompson, S. C., Armstrong, W., & Thomas, C.(1998). Illusory of control, underestimations, and accuracy: A control heuristic explanation. Psychological Bulletin, Vol 123, No 2, 143-161.
Thorne, S. E. (1993). Negotiating health care: the social context of chronic illness. Newbury Park: Sage.
Tolman, C. W. (1994). Psychology, society, and subjectivity. London: Routledge.
Toombs, S. K. (1992). The meaning of illness: A phenomenological account of the different perspectives of physician and patient. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press.
Toombs, S. K., Barnard, D. & Carson, A. (Eds.) (1995). Chronic illness: From experience to policy. Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Turner, B. S. (1992). Regulating body: Essays in medical sociology. London: Routledge.
Tuner, B. S. (1995). Medical power and social knowledge. London: Sage publications.
Underwood, B. J. (1959). Psychological research. N. Y. : Appleton.
van Manen, M. (1998). Modalities of body experience in illness and health. Qualitative Health Research, Vo8, No1, 7-24.
Viinamaki, H., Niskanen, L. & Uustitupa. (1995). Mental well-being in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Acta Psychiatrica Scanginavica, 92, 392-397.
Watson, D. & Pennebaker, J. W. (1991). Situational, dispositional, and genetic bases of symptom reporting. In J. A. Skelton & R. T. Croyle (eds.), Mental representation in health and illness(pp 60-84). N. Y. : Springer-Verlag.
Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as a behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20,158-177.
Watt, S., Roberts, J., Browne, G. & Gafni, A. (1997). Age, adjustment, and cost: A study of chronic illness. Social Science and Medicine, Vol44, No10, 1483-1490.
White, R (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-333.
Wiens, A. N.(1983).The assessment interview. In I. B. Weiner (ed.), Clinical method in psychology(2nd edition). New York: A wiley-interscience publications.
Williams, A. (1998). Therapeutic landscapes in holistic medicine. Social Sciences and Medicine, v46, no9, 1193-1203.
Williams, G. (1993). Chronic illness and the pursuit of virtue in everyday life. In A. Radley. (Ed.), Worlds of illness: Biographical and cultural perspectives on health and disease(pp92-108). London: Routledge.
Williams, S. J. (1996). Medical sociology, chronic illness and the body: A rejoinder to Michael Kelly and David Field. Sociology of Health and Illness,v18,699-709.
Wundt, W. (1916/1921). Elements of folk psychology: Outlines of a psychological history of the development of mankind. Trans by Schaub, E. L. New-York: Macmillan.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top