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題名:尋找生活中環境教育的可能:日常食物消費者的永續關懷與行動策略
作者:任孟淵
作者(外文):Jen, Meng-yuan
校院名稱:國立臺灣師範大學
系所名稱:環境教育研究所
指導教授:王順美
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2012
主題關鍵詞:永續消費食品消費教育消費者公民行動能力豬肉消費sustainable consumptionfood consumption educationconsumer citizenaction competencepork consumption
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在消費時代中,個人不單是消費者也是公民。消費者公民(consumer citizen)的概念認為個人除政治上的環境保護行動外,並要能夠理解當代社會結構性的問題,反思全球永續議題與個人生活的連結,並且藉由生活型態的轉變作為環境行動的實踐。
食品為個人每日生活必須品,同樣也涉及許多的環境與社會永續的議題,如全球暖化與碳排放、食品運輸與食物里程、基因改造作物和在地生產等各面向。Spaargaren(2010)認為,生活領域是在政治與經濟外,消費者公民透過生活常規行為,展現個人的價值觀與信念的場域。面對永續議題時,並沒有唯一正確的答案,必須進入庶民生活中,透過他們的眼光,了解他們的理解、關切、信念與阻礙,才能夠找尋真正永續的方向。
本研究的目的在於透過台灣消費者食物消費的日常實務中,深入瞭解消費者在永續食品消費行為上的關懷、對永續食品議題的理解與相應的行動策略,本研究之研究問題如下:
1. 消費者對永續食品議題(環境保護、動物福利與食品安全)的理解與態度為何?
2. 消費者如何從日常消費行為作為公民行動之實踐?影響其行動能力的要素為何?
本研究以Spaargaren(2010)所提出的消費者公民論述作為詮釋的理論依據。本研究定位為探索性的質性研究,採取紮根理論的方式進行資料收集與分析。在資料收集上,本研究採取半結構開放式市場訪談、深度訪談兩種方法,前者將於北中南三大都會區之傳統市場、超級市場與有機農夫市集對實際消費者進行訪談,以得到第一手全面性的瞭解;後者將透過在食物消費者團體中訪談資深消費者,以獲得深度內涵的理解。
本研究結果說明消費者在日常食物消費上的特性、困境與行動策略,並指出庶民的關懷、理解的類型與形塑,提出日常食物永續消費概念圖。基於此結研究結果,本研究批判過去關於消費者研究的五個迷思,指出日常食物消費在永續發展與環境教育中的行動意義。最後,提出以下幾點結論:日常永續消費意義在於以消費者「關懷」為中心;並回歸庶民視角的理解;創造個人與他者、地方和自然的連結;因此,日常消費可作為公民行動的平台,並注重在地脈絡與集體行動的重要性。
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