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題名:符號記憶:從修辭記憶術到呂格爾與德希達
作者:蘇文伶
作者(外文):Wen-ling Su
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:跨文化研究所比較文學博士班
指導教授:張漢良
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:德希達遺忘修辭記憶術記憶隱喻柏拉圖呂格爾DerridaforgettingMemoriamemorymetaphorPlatoRicoeur
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「符號記憶」指的是將記憶視為「書寫」的概念。本論文追溯此概念自古代修辭記憶術至今日呂格爾與德希達作品中的傳承。西方形上學以記憶為內省,「符號記憶」之說則主張心智活動既以符號表徵,記憶必涵攝符號的物質性與外顯特質。呂格爾與德希達皆以符號中介觀挑戰形上學傳統,對於符號如何表意卻看法分歧,此間差異連帶影響他們各自的記憶論述。呂格爾由現象詮釋學出發,強調歷史主體投射意義;德希達則為解構先鋒,力主意義源自符號本身既有的續衍辯證過程。本論文第一章由後結構主義觀點重新梳理修辭記憶術自遠古至十八世紀的發展,發現過往用來克服遺忘、儲存記憶的圖像定位法,雖以穩固定錨架構著稱實則充滿不確定性與開放性,由此突顯記憶之詭譎。第二章討論「符碼心靈」概念出現之歷史契機,說明與現代記憶研究走向和「語言轉折」後重新收編修辭學相關。在巴特與雅克布森等人論述中,符號學更承繼修辭記憶術一躍為心智活動後設語言。第三章視隱喻為中介符號之首,且為記憶符號原型,並認為呂格爾與德希達的隱喻論爭為「符碼心靈」發展中重要里程碑。第四章以柏拉圖「臘板」和「鳥籠」兩個心靈譬喻為出發點,將呂格爾與德希達論戰延伸至記憶痕跡問題,闡釋遺忘並非記憶對立面,而與記憶相互涵攝。無論是隱喻或記憶,呂格爾與德希達皆洞見符號中符徵與符旨間的斷裂蘊藏顛覆宏大敘事之無限可能,並指出那樣的反動暴力為革命詩性源頭。然而在這當代兩大記憶論述中仍存不解之爭。呂格爾強調追溯原初印記時詮釋者的能動性與所扮演的倫理角色,德希達則認為原初心靈印記早已在符號互文延異衍異中遺落不可考且不可尋,主體記憶建構因此不在此自主衍義作用之外。
This study explores semiotic memory, a model that conceives of memory as writing, by drawing a trajectory from the rhetorical art of memory, memoria, to its modern variations in Paul Ricoeur’s and Jacques Derrida’s works. In contrast to Western metaphysics, which holds memory as interiorization, semiotic memory is thoroughly immersed in the materiality and “exteriority” of the sign. Both Ricoeur and Derrida revolt from within metaphysics by positing linguistic mediation, but they diverge on the cause of it. While Ricoeur assigns an active role to the subject in apprehending meaning, Derrida underscores the dialectics within the sign itself. Chapter One presents a (poststructuralist) revisionist view of memoria from antiquity to its decline up to the eighteenth century. As opposed to pioneering research in this field, the focus is placed on revealing the unstable and indeterminate elements embedded in what is taken to be the most stable mechanisms to deposit memory. Chapter Two delineates the rise of a semiotized psyche in the modern era, while attributing it to such semioticians as Roland Barthes and Roman Jakobson in their efforts to integrate rhetoric and reconceptualize memoria as metalanguage. Chapter Three argues that the development of the semiotized psyche culminates in a series of interchanges between Ricoeur and Derrida over metaphor, the trope of mediation par excellence and the prototype of the mnemonic sign. Chapter Four expands on the issue of the memory trace. With Plato as the starting point, Ricoeur and Derrida are shown to regard forgetting as constitutive of memory. Their differences reflect fundamental disciplinary boundaries between phenomenological hermeneutics and
deconstruction.
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