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題名:資源開發與附加價值貿易的三個議題
作者:張桂鳳
作者(外文):Kuei-Feng Chang
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:商學博士學位學程
指導教授:林師模
林晉勗
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:資源開發多國投入產出分析附加價值貿易荷蘭病礦業勞動份額Resource developmentmulti-country input-output analysisvalue-added tradeDutch diseasemininglabor share
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全球化導致中間財貿易興盛,本文運用附加價值貿易理論與方法,透過三個議題探討全球化後不同自然資源秉賦國家中自然資源與國家經濟發展之間的關係。首先,本文提出從附加價值角度衡量生產要素分配,檢視14個資源豐富國家於1995-2011年間能源價格上漲期間是否發生去工業化的現象;其次,在資源差異的基礎上,分析臺灣(資源匱乏國)及越南(資源豐富國)礦業附加價值之來源與流向,以掌握兩國礦業歷史發展過程及未來發展趨勢;最後,亦利用附加價值貿易方法還原貿易財中各國所創造的價值,探討過去十年臺灣製造業薪資成長減緩的原因。
本文發現,自2003年礦產價格快速上漲,某些礦產資源豐富的國家出現去工業化的現象。雖臺灣礦產資源稀少,其礦業對過去製造業發展有相當的貢獻,隨著環境保護意識高漲及礦產開發審核標準加嚴,臺灣礦業的自產量及其所創造的附加價值已大幅縮減;一直以來是臺灣經濟成長主力的製造業,在快速全球化及中國大陸經濟崛起後,對中國大陸附加價值出口比重逐年上升,以及出口中本國價值含量相對外國含量的比率開始反轉下降,促使臺灣製造業勞動份額下跌。
To investigate the relationship between resource and economic development under the growing intermediates trade due to globalization, this thesis applies the recently-developed theory and methods of value-added trade to several issues previously observed in different resource-endowment economies. Three issues are discussed. We begin from the possible existence of de-industrialization phenomenon in 14 resource-rich countries over the period 1995-2011 by offering alternative value-added view in measuring factor reallocation associated with exogenous resource price rises. Secondly, we examine the historical trend and possible future development of mineral industry in a resource-poor country—Taiwan and a resource-rich country—Vietnam through in-depth analysis on the sources and flows of the added value of domestic mineral industry, which can be important information for government agencies in designing relevant resource development policies. Finally, the reasons for the slowdown of wage growth witnessed in Taiwan’s manufacturing industries over the past decade is also investigated by using the true added value accruable to economies in traded goods to estimate the effects of globalization on wage growth.
Our results indicate that the mineral-rich countries examined have exhibited several symptoms of de-industrialization, especially since mineral prices started to rise abruptly in 2003. As for the resource-poor country analysis, Taiwan’s mining sectors did contribute to the growth of Taiwan’s economy over the past decades. However, the mining industries’ production level and added value have declined significantly due to the general public’s growing environmental protection awareness and strict government regulations. The export-oriented manufacturing has always been one of the key drivers for Taiwan’s economic growth. However, since 2003 the increasing dependency on the Chinese market and the declining ratio of the domestic value-added content to foreign value-added content in gross export have resulted in the decline of the manufacturing’s labor share.
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