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Books Babbie, Earl, 2013. The Practice of Social Research (13th Edition). Belmont: Wadsworth. Bijian, Zheng, 2005. China’s Peaceful Rise: Speeches of Zheng Bijian (1997-2005). Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Blusse, Johan Leonard, 1981. Batavia 1619-1740. The Rise and Fall of a Chinese Colonial Town. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Creswell, John W. and J. David Creswell, 2018. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative & Mixed Methods Approaches (5th Edition). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications Inc. Creswell, John W., 2013. Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches (3rd Edition). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications Inc. Cull, Nicholas J. 2009. Public Diplomacy: Lesson from the Past. Los Angeles: Figueroa Press. Cummings, Milton C., 2003. Cultural Diplomacy and the United States Government: A Survey. Washington, D.C.: Center for Arts and Culture. Dawis, Aimee, 2010. The Chinese of Indonesia and Their Search for Identity: The Relationship between Collective Memory and the Media. New York: Cambria Press. Dieleman, Marleen, Juliette Koning, and Peter Post, 2011. “Chinese Indonesians and Regime Change: Alternative Perspectives,” in Dieleman, Marleen, Juliette Koning, and Peter Post (Eds.), 2011. Chinese Indonesians and Regime Change. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, pp. 3-22. Gil, Jeffrey, 2017. Soft Power and the Worldwide Promotion of Chinese Language Learning: The Confucius Institute Project. Bristol, UK: St. Nicholas House. Glaser, Bonnie S. and Melissa E. Murphy, 2009 “Soft Power with Chinese characteristics: The Ongoing Debate,” in McGiffert, Carola (Ed.), 2009. Chinese Soft Power and its Implications for the United States: Competition and Cooperation in the Developing World. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic & International Studies, pp. 10–26. Hanban, 2018. Confucius Institute Annual Development Report, 2016. Beijing: Hanban. Hartig, Falk, 2016. Chinese Public Diplomacy: The Rise of the Confucius Institute. New York: Routledge. Hew, Wai Eng, 2018. Chinese Ways of Being Muslim: Negotiating Ethnicity and Religiosity in Indonesia. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Press. Hsiao, H.H. Michael and Alan H. Yang, 2019. “Confucius Institutes in Southeast Asia: Assessing the New Trends in China’s Soft Diplomacy,” in Diokno, Maria Selena I., H.H. Michael Hsiao and Alan H. Yang (Eds.), 2019. China’s Footprints in Southeast Asia. Singapore: NUS Press, pp. 194-225. Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O., 1999. “Old Whine, New Vassals: Are Diaspora and Hybridity Postmodern Inventions?,” in Cohen, Phil (Ed.), 1999. New Ethnicities, Old Racisms? Racisms?. London: Zed Books, pp. 180-204. Keck, Margaret E. and Kathryn Sikkink, 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. New York: Cornell University Press. Kitano, Mitsuru, 2007. “What Is Public Diplomacy?” in Kaneko, Maafumi and Mitsuru Kitano (Eds.), 2007. Public Diplomacy. Tokyo: PHP. Kurlantzick, Joshua, 2007. Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power is Transforming the World. New Haven: Yale University Press. Kvale, Steinar, 1996. InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Lai, Hongyi “China’s Cultural Diplomacy: Going for Soft Power,” in Lai, Hongyi and Yiyi Lu (Eds.), 2012. China’s Soft Power and International Relations. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 83-103. Lai, Hongyi, 2012. “Introduction: The Soft Power Concept and A Rising China,” in Lai, Hongyi and Yiyi Lu (Eds.), 2012. China’s Soft Power and International Relations. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 1-20. Lampton, David M., 2008. The Three Faces of Chinese Power: Might, Money, and Minds Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Lee, Sook Jong and Jan Melissen, 2011. Public Diplomacy and Soft Power in East Asia. Palgrave Macmillan. Malone, Giffort D., 1988. Political Advocacy and Cultural Communications: Organizing the Nation’s Public Diplomacy. Lanham: University Press of America. Marshall, Catherine and Gretchen B. Rossman, 2011. Designing Qualitative Research (5th Edition). Thousand Oaks: SAGE. Neuman, W. Lawrence, 2014. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th Edition). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Nobuhiro Aizawa, 2011. “Assimilation, Differentiation, and Depoliticization: Chinese Indonesia and the Ministry of Home Affairs in Suharto’s Indonesia,” in Dieleman, Marleen, Juliette Koning, and Peter Post (Eds.), 2011. Chinese Indonesians and Regime Change. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. Nye, Joseph S., 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs. Slaughter, Anne-Marie, 2004. A New World Order. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Sukma, Rizal, 2002. “The Indonesia’s Perception of China: The Domestic Bases of Persistent Ambiguity,” in Yee, Herbert and Ian Storey (Eds.), 2002. China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality. London: RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 183-187. Suryadinata, Leo, 2012. Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary. Singapore: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. Taylor, Philip M., 1997. Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media since 1945. London/New York: Routledge Wang, Jian, 2011. “Introduction: China’s Search of Soft Power,” in Wang, Jian, 2011. Soft Power in China: Public Diplomacy through Communication. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1-18. Yee, Herbert and Ian Storey, 2002. “Introduction,” in Yee, Herbert and Ian Storey (Eds.), 2002. China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality. London: RoutledgeCurzon. Zaharna, Rhonda, 2004. “From Propaganda to Public Diplomacy in the Information Age,” in Snow, Nancy and Yahya R. Kamalipour (Eds.), 2004. War, Media and Propaganda: A Global Perspective. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 219-225. Zhang, Guozuo, 2017. Research Outline for China’s Cultural Soft Power. Singapore: Social Science Academic Press and Springer Nature Singapore Ltd.
Journals Chang, Chia-Chien and Alan H. Yang, 2000. “Weaponized Interdependence: China’s Economic Statecraft and Social Penetration against Taiwan,” Orbis, 64 (2): 312-333. Chinh, Nguyen Van, 2014. “Confucius Institutes in the Mekong Region: China's Soft Power or Soft Border?,” Issues & Studies, 50 (4): 85-117. Cull, Nicholas J., 2008. “Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories,” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616 (1): 31-54. Dahl, Robert A., 1957. “The Concept of Power,” Behavioral Science, 2 (3): 201-215. Bicard, Danielly Silva Ramos and Paulo Menechelli Filho, 2019. “Chinese Cultural Diplomacy: Instruments in China’s Strategy for International Insertion in the 21st Century,” Revista Brasileira de Politica International, 62 (1): 1-20. Broomfield, Emma V., 2003. “Perceptions of Danger: The China Threat Theory,” Journal of Contemporary China, 12 (35): 265-284. Gilboa, Eytan, 2008. “Searching for a Theory of Public Diplomacy,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616 (1): 55-77. Hartig, Falk, 2012. “Confucius Institutes and the Rise of China,” Journal of Chinese Political Science, 17: 53-76. Hoon, Chang Yau, 2006. “Assimilation, Multiculturalism, Hybridity: The Dilemmas of Ethnic Chinese in Post Suharto Indonesia.” Asian Ethnicity, 7 (2): 149-166. Hsiao, H.H. Michael and Alan H. Yang, 2014. “Differentiating the Politics of Dependency: Confucius Institute in Cambodia and Myanmar,” Issues & Studies, 50 (4): 1-10. Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, 1974. “Transgovernmental Relations and International Organizations,” World Politics, 27 (1): 39-62. Lan, Thung Ju, 2017. “Confucius Institute at Universitas Al Azhar, Jakarta: The Unseen Power of China,” Wacana, 18 (1): 148-182. Li, Mingjiang, 2008. “China Debates Soft Power,” The Chinese Journal of International Politics 2 (2): 287-308. Liu, Xin, 2019. “China’s Cultural Diplomacy: A Great Leap Outward with Chinese Characteristics? Multiple Comparative Case Studies of the Confucius Institutes,” Journal of Contemporary China, 28 (118): 646-661. Lo, Joe Tin-yau and Suyan Pan, 2014. “Confucius Institutes and China’s Soft Power: Practices and Paradoxes,” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, pp. 1-21. Mark, Simon L., 2010. “Rethinking Cultural Diplomacy: The Cultural Diplomacy of New Zealand, the Canadian Federation and Quebec,” Political Science, 62 (1): 62-83. Nye, Joseph S., 2008. “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616 (1): 94-109. Nye, Joseph S., 2012. “China and Soft Power,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 19 (2): 151-155. Ong, Aihwa, 2003. “Cyberpublics and Diaspora Politics among Transnational Chinese.” Interventions, 5 (1): 82-100. Pan, Su-Yan, 2013. “Confucius Institute Project: China's Cultural Diplomacy and Soft Power Projection,” Asian Education and Development Studies, 2 (1): 22-33. Papastergiadis, Nikos, 2005. “Hybridity and Ambivalence: Places and Fows in Contemporary Art and Culture” Theory, Culture and Society, 22 (4): 39-64. Rawnsley, Gary, 2012. “Approach to Soft Power and Public Diplomacy in China and Taiwan,” Journal of International Communication, 18 (2): 121-135. Roy, Denny, 1996. “The “China Threat” Issue: Major Arguments,” Asian Survey, 36 (8): 758-771. Setijadi, Charlotte, 2016. “‘A Beautiful Bridge’: Chinese Indonesian Associations, Social Capital and Strategic Identification in a New Era of China–Indonesia Relations,” Journal of Contemporary China, 25 (102): 822-835. Shuto, Motoko, 2018. “Patterns and Views of China’s Public Diplomacy in ASEAN Countries: Focusing on Confucius Institutes,” Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 7 (2): 124-148. Singh, Mandip, 2018. “From Smart Power to Sharp Power: How China Promotes her National Interests,” Journal of Defence Studies, 12 (3): 5-25. Slaughter, Anne-Marie and David Zaring, 2006. “Networking Goes International: An Update,” Annual Review of Law and Science, 2: 211-229. Theo, Rika and Maggie W. Leung, 2018. “China’s Confucius Institute in Indonesia: Mobility, Frictions and Local Surprises,” Sustainability, 10 (12): 1-15. Tungkeunkunt, Kornphanat, 2016. “Culture and Commerce: China’s Soft Power in Thailand,” International Journal of China Studies, 7 (2): 151-173. Wu Ying, 2016. “Review of the Confucius Institutes’ Strategy for the Dissemination of Chinese Culture,” Chinese Education & Society, 49 (6): 391-401. Yang, Alan H. and H.H. Michael Hsiao, 2012. “Confucius Institutes and the Question of China’s Soft Power Diplomacy,” China Brief, 8 (3): 10-13. Yang, Rui, 2010. “Soft Power and Higher Education: An Examination of China’s Confucius Institutes,” Globalisation, Societies and Education, 8 (2): 235-245. Zhang, Min, 2016. “The Rationale and Strategy behind China’s Foreign Aid towards Its Southeastern Neighbors,” International Journal of Education and Social Science, 3 (12): 46-50. Zhou, Ying and Sabrina Luk, 2016. “Establishing Confucius Institutes: A Tool for Promoting China’s Soft Power?,” Journal of Contemporary China, 25 (100): 628-642.
Interviews Interview with the Director of the Confucius Institute at Malang State University (DCI-4), 2020 (February 5). Interview with the Director of the Confucius Institute at March Eleventh University (DCI-3), 2020 (February 4). Interview with the Director of the Confucius Institute at Surabaya State University (DCI-1), 2018 (May 31). Interview with the Director of the Confucius Institute at Surabaya State University (DCI-2), 2020 (January 24). Interview with the Director of the Confucius Institute at University of Al Azhar Indonesia (DCI-5), 2020 (October 5). Interview with the Student affiliated with the Confucius Institute at Malang State University (SCI-3), 2020 (February 6). Interview with the Student affiliated with the Confucius Institute at Malang State University (SCI-4), 2020 (February 6). Interview with the Student of the Confucius Institute at Malang State University (SCI-5), 2020 (February 6). Interview with the Student of the Confucius Institute at Malang State University (SCI-6), 2020 (February 6). Interview with the Student of the Confucius Institute at Surabaya State University (SCI-1), 2020 (February 1). Interview with the Student of the Confucius Institute at Surabaya State University (SCI-2), 2020 (February 1). Interview with the Teacher of the Confucius Institute at Malang State University (TCI-1), 2020 (February 6). Interview with the Teacher of the Confucius Institute at Malang State University (TCI-2), 2020 (February 6).
Working Papers Cull, Nicholas J., 2009. “Statement of Dr. Nicholas J. Cull, Professor of Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,” in Testimony before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing: China’s Propaganda and Influence Operations, Its Intelligence Activities that Target the United States, and the Resulting Impacts on U.S. National Security, April 30. Washington: United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 5–17. Retrieved December 8, 2019 from https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/article/attachments/USCC%202009%20Apr.pdf. Fossati, Diego, Hui Yew Foong, and Siwage Dharma Negara, 2017. “The Indonesia National Survey Project: Economy, Society and Politics,” ISEAS Trends in Southeast Asia, No. 10. Singapore: ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute. Setijadi, Charlotte, 2017. “Chinese Indonesians in the Eyes of Pribumi Public,” ISEAS Perspective, No. 73, September 27. Walker, Christopher and Jessica Ludwig, 2017. “From ‘Soft Power’ to ‘Sharp Power’: Rising Authoritarian Influence in the Democratic World,” Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence. National Endowment for Democracy Report. Retrieved November 10, 2019 from https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising-Authoritarian -Influence-FullReport.pdf Xiang, Jun and Wei Hao Huang, 2015. “What Determines China’s Allocation of Confucius Institute: Educational, Political, or Economic Interest?,” Working Paper. New Jersey: Economics and Global Affairs, Rutgers University.
Government Official Reports Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM, Investment Coordinating Board of Republic of Indonesia), 2016. Realisasi Penananaman Modal PMDN–PMA, Triwulan IV dan Januari–Desember 2015 [Realization of Investment, Quarter 4 and January–December 2015]. Retrieved June 16, 2019 from https:// www.bkpm.go.id/images/uploads/file_siaran_pers/ Bahan_Paparan_-_IND_-_Realisasi_ Investasi_Q4_2015_dan_Jan_-_Des_2015.pdf. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM, Investment Coordinating Board of Republic of Indonesia), (2017). Realisasi Penananaman Modal PMDN–PMA, Triwulan IV dan Januari–Desember 2016 [Realization of Investment, Quarter 4 and January–December 2016]. Retrieved June 16, 2019 from https:// www.bkpm.go.id/images/uploads/ file_siaran_pers/Bahan_Paparan_TW_IV_2016.pdf. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM, Investment Coordinating Board of Republic of Indonesia), 2018. Realisasi Penananaman Modal PMDN–PMA, Triwulan IV dan Januari–Desember 2017 [Realization of Investment, Quarter 4 and January–December 2017]. Retrieved June 16, 2019 from https://www.bkpm.go.id/images/uploads/file_siaran_pers/ Paparan_Indonesia_TW_IV_-_2017_Kepala.pdf. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM, Investment Coordinating Board of Republic of Indonesia), 2019. Realisasi Penananaman Modal PMDN–PMA, Triwulan IV dan Januari–Desember 2018 [Realization of Investment, Quarter 4 and January–December 2018]. Retrieved June 16, 2019 from https://www.bkpm.go.id/images/uploads/file_siaran_pers/ Paparan_Bahasa_Indonesia_Press_Release_TW_IV_2018.pdf. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM, Investment Coordinating Board of Republic of Indonesia), 2020. Realisasi Penananaman Modal PMDN–PMA, Triwulan IV dan Januari–Desember 2019 [Realization of Investment, Quarter 4 and January–December 2019]. Retrieved January 18, 2021 https://www.bkpm.go.id/images/uploads/file_siaran_pers/ Paparan_Bahasa_Indonesia_Press_Release_TW_IV_2019.pdf. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM, Investment Coordinating Board of Republic of Indonesia), 2021. Realisasi Penananaman Modal PMDN–PMA, Triwulan IV dan Januari–Desember 2020 [Realization of Investment, Quarter 4 and January–December 2020]. Retrieved April 26, 2021 https://www.bkpm.go.id/images/uploads/file_siaran_pers/ Paparan_Bahasa_Indonesia_Press_Release_TW_IV_2020.pdf. Badan Pusat Statistik (National Statistics Bureau), 2011. Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia: Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia), 2020. Neraca Perdagangan dengan Mitra Dagang [Trade Balance with Trading Partners]. Retrieved April 26, 2021 from https://statistik.kemendag.go.id/balance-of-trade-with-trade-partner-country.
Magazines and Newspapers Kompas, 2012. “Al Azhar Bangun Pusat Bahasa Mandarin,” November 9. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from https://edukasi.kompasuai.com/read/2012/11/09/12174472/ Al.Azhar.Bangun.Pusat.Bahasa.Mandarin. Kompas, 2017. “Eddie Lembong, Tokoh Farmasi dan Persatuan Tanah Air Meninggal Dunia,” November 2. Retrieved December 31, 2020 from https://biz.kompas.com/read/2017/11/02/ 142051828/eddie-lembong-tokoh-farmasi-dan-persatuan-tanah-air-meninggal-dunia. Koran Solo, “PMS Serahkan 20.000 Paket Sembako,” July 19, 2020.Retrieved January 4, 2021 from http://www.koransolo.co/2020/07/19/pms-serahkan-20-000-paket-sembako/. New Strait Times, 2014. “Growing Influence of Confucius Institutes,” October 2. Retrieved November 10, 2017 from https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/growing-influence-confucius-institutes. Nye, Joseph S., 2018. “How Sharp Power Threatens Soft Power: The Right and Wrong Ways to Respond to Authoritarian Influence,” Foreign Affairs, January 24. Retrieved November 30, 2019 from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-01-24/how-sharp-power-threatens-soft-power. People’s Daily Online, 2011. “China to further education cooperation with Indonesia: Premier Wen,” April 30. Retrieved January 7, 2021 from http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/ 90883/7366418.html. Shambaugh, David, 2015. “China’s Soft-Power Push: The Search for Respect,” Foreign Affairs, July/August. Retrieved December 28, 2017 from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ articles/china/2015-06-16/china-s-soft-power-push. Taiwan News, 2020. “China’s Confucius Institute Renamed amid Global Backlash,”, July 6. Retrieved July 6, 2020 from https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3960842. The Economist, 2017. “Sharp Power,” December 16-22, p. 9. The Economist, 2017. “At the Sharp End,” December 16-22, pp. 17-19. The Epoch Times, 2015. “Confucius Classroom Draws Controversy for Embedding Communist Ideology,” October 1. Retrieved December 28, 2017 from https://www.theepochtimes.com/confucius-confucius-classroom-program-chinese-basketba ll-star-tiananmen-square-massacre-ccp_1512902.html. The Jakarta Post, 2021. “More Sinovac Vaccine Arrives in Indonesia ahead of Vaccination Drive,” January 12. Retrieved January 19, 2021 from https://www.thejakartapost.com/ news/2021/01/12/more-sinovac-vaccine-arrives-in-indonesia-ahead-of-vaccination-drive.ht ml. Walker, Christopher and Jessica Ludwig, 2017. “The Meaning of Sharp Power: How Authoritarian States Project Influence,” Foreign Affairs, November 16. Retrieved September 26, 2019 from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2017-11-16/meaning-sharp-power.
Online Articles Antara, 2019. “Belasan Sekolah Tiga Bahasa mengikuti Porseni Perstibi di Yogyakarta,” November 1. Retrieved December 24, 2020 from https://jogja.antaranews.com/berita/ 400319/belasan-sekolah-tiga-bahasa-mengikuti-porseni-i-perstibi-di-yogyakarta. Belford, Aubrey, 2012. “Communists in the Classroom?,” The Global Mail, March 1. Retrieved December 27, 2017 from http://www.theglobalmail.org/feature/communists-in-theclassroom/ 97/. Brown, Katherine, 2017. “Challenges in Measuring Public Diplomacy,” The Soft Power 30, August 2, Retrieved October 8, 2017 from https://softpower30.com/challenges-in-measuring-public-diplomacy/. China.org, 2007. “Full text of Hu’s Report at 18th Party Congress,” October 25. Retrieved December 9, 2017 from http://www.china.org.cn/english/congress/229611.htm. China.org, 2012. “Full text of Hu’s Report at 18th Party Congress,” November 18. Retrieved December 9, 2017 from http://www.china.org.cn/china/18th_cpc_congress/2012-11/16/ content_27137540.htm. China.org, 2017. “Full text of Xi Jinping’s Report at 19th CPC National Congress,” November 3. Retrieved December 9, 2017 from http://www.china.org.cn/20171105-002. pdf. Chinese Consulate General in Surabaya, 2012. “Mr. Wang Resmikan Confucius Institute,” December 27. Retrieved December 26, 2017 from http://surabaya.china-consulate.org/ indo/lgdt/t995360.htm. Dewi, Anitasa, 2019. “Mandarin sebagai Representasi Budaya Tiongkok.” Retrieved January 4, 2021 from https://china.uai.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Mandarin-sebagai-Representasi-Budaya-Tiongkok.pdf. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Indonesia, 2007. “First Confucius Institute in Indonesia established at the Jakarta Chinese Language Teaching Center,” December 27. Retrieved December 26, 2017 from http://id.china-embassy.org/ eng/whjy/lxxx/t393549.htm. Hanban, 2007. “Provisional Regulations for Administering the Funds of Confucius Institutes.” Retrieved December 29, 2017 from http://www.hanbanonline.com/cnews/announce/ show.php?announceid=10. Hanban, 2007. “Constitution and By-Laws of the Confucius Institutes.” Retrieved October 1, 2020 from http://english.hanban.org/node_7880.htm. Hanban, 2007. “Guidance to Establish A Confucius Institute /An Independent Confucius Classroom (Revised).” Retrieved October 14, 2020 from http://english.hanban.org/ node_7879.htm. Hanban, 2007. “Regulations for the Administration of Confucius Institute Headquarters Funds.” Retrieved October 14, 2020 from http://english.hanban.org/node_7878.htm. Hanban, 2007. “Guide for Confucius Institute Deans.” Retrieved October 14, 2020 from http://english.hanban.org/node_7877.htm. Hanban News, 2011. “Chinese Language Teacher Development Center at the Pusat Bahasa Mandarin at University of Al Azhar Indonesia Holds a MOU Signing Ceremony in Jakarta,” January 18. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from http://english.hanban.org/article/2011-01/18/content_222285.htm. Hanban News, 2011. “Highlights of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao’s Visit to Confucius Institute at the University of Al-Azhar, Indonesia,” April 29. Retrieved December 28, 2017 from http://english.hanban.org/article/2011-04/29/content_257863.htm. Hanban News, 2012. “Farewell Ceremony Held by Ministry of Education and Culture, Indonesia for First Batch of Full-time Chinese Teachers of Indonesia Secondary Schools Who Will Leave for Studies in China,” July 25. Retrieved January 7, 2021 from http://english.hanban.org/article/2012-07/25/content_450449.htm. Hanban News, 2014. “Delegation led by Deputy Director General of Hanban Wang Yongli visits Confucius Institute at National University of Surabaya, Indonesia,” June 25. Retrieved September 30, 2019 from http://english.hanban.org/article/2014-06/25/ content_542501.htm. Hanban News, 2012. “Director-General of Hanban Xu Lin and Representative of the Minister of Education and Culture of Indonesia Signs a Cooperation Agreement,” April 28. Retrieved January 7, 2021 from http://english.hanban.org/article/2012-04/28/content_ 431010.htm. Hanban News, 2012. “Indonesian Ambassador to China Visits the Confucius Institute at the University of Al-Azhar,” September 29. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from http://english.hanban.org/article/2012-09/29/content_465800.htm. Hanban News, 2015. “Vice Premier Liu Yandong visits Pusat Bahasa Mandarin at Maranatha Christian University, Indonesia,” June 12. Retrieved January 11, 2021 from http://english.hanban.org/article/2015-06/12/content_604322.htm. Hebei Normal University, 2015. “我校印尼孔子学院荣获“全球先进孔子学院”奖,” December 11. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from http://www.hebtu.edu.cn/a/2015/12/11/ 20151211145512.html. Huang, Xilian, 2019. “China and ASEAN Doing Well on Economic, Trade Cooperation,” The Jakarta Post, January 21. Retrieved January 18, 2021 from https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2019/01/31/china-and-asean-doing-well-on-economic-trade-cooperation.html. National Association of Scholars, “How Many Confucius Institutes Are in the United States?,” April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2021 from https://www.nas.org/blogs/article/ how_many_confucius_institutes_are_in_the_united_states. Pusat Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Negeri Malang, 2018. “第二届中印尼友谊合唱比赛通知,” February 23. Retrieved January 25, 2021 from http://yinnimalang.id.chinesecio.com/ zh-hans/node/676. Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia, 2012. “Peresmian Pusat Bahasa Mandarin dan Peluncuran Buku Burhan Uray ““Berbakti Untuk Indonesia” November 13. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from https://fib.uai.ac.id/blog/peresmian-pusat-bahasa-mandarin-dan-peluncuran-buku-burhan-uray-berbakti-untuk-indonesia/. 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Confucius Institutes’ Social Media Accounts Pusat Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia (@pusatbahasamandarinalazhar). Retrieved December 8, 2020 from https://www.instagram.com/pusatbahasamandarin alazhar/. Pusat Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Hasanuddin (@pbm.unhas). Retrieved September 8, 2020 from https://www.instagram.com/pbm.unhas/. Pusat Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Negeri Malang (@bahasamandarin_um). Retrieved December 2, 2020 from https://www.instagram.com/bahasamandarin_um/. Pusat Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Negeri Surabaya (@ci_unesa). Retrieved December 14, 2020 from https://www.instagram.com/ci_unesa/. Pusat Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Sebelas Maret (@confucius_uns). Retrieved December 30, 2020 from https://www.instagram.com/confucius_uns/. Pusat Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Tanjungpura (@pusatbahasamandarinuntan). Retrieved September 8, 2020 from https://www.instagram.com/pusatbahasamandarinuntan/. Tourism Confucus Institute at Udayana University. Retrieved January 21, 2021 from https://www.facebook.com/Tourism-Confucius-Institute-Udayana-University-1118452771 77762.
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