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題名:中國大陸地區不同亞群農村留守兒童復原歷程
作者:趙燕
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系
指導教授:林清文
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:農村留守兒童復原歷程潛在剖面分析跨群組結構方程模式Stay-behind ChildrenResilience ProcessesLatent Profile AnalysisStructural Equation Model across Different Subgroups
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以中國大陸江蘇省蘇北地區20所農村初中學校之1752名留守兒童為研究對象,採用問卷調查法探究留守兒童的危險因子,個人特質、家庭人際與學校氣氛三方面的保護性因子,以及適應結果的現狀,不同背景變項留守兒童的危險因子、保護性因子與適應結果之差異。以危險因子、保護性因子與適應結果之得分為外顯觀測指標,以潛在剖面分析之統計分析方法,探究農村留守兒童之亞群、不同亞群特徵及其影響因素;並以跨群組結構方程模式檢定不同亞群農村留守兒童復原歷程之差異。
研究結果發現:與非留守兒童相比,留守兒童危險因子得分高,保護性因子得分低,表現出消極適應。不同性別、年級、留守時長、父母回家頻率、與父母聯絡頻率、監護類型等方面的留守兒童在危險因子、保護性因子與適應結果之狀況有差異。存在發展良好組(30.0 %)、高風險組(13.5%)、普通平順組(41.0%)與困境復原組(15.5%)四個留守兒童亞群,不同亞群留守兒童面臨不同水平危險因子,擁有不同水平保護性因子,表現出不同適應結果。不同年級、父母回家頻率、與父母聯絡頻率以及父親學歷的留守兒童在四個亞群中分佈不同。不同亞群農村留守兒童具有不同復原歷程,對於困境復原組,危險因子、保護性因子分別直接預測消極適應,保護性因子能夠直接抵消危險因子對適應結果的消極影響;對於發展良好組、普通平順組與高風險組,保護性因子對危險因子與消極適應間的關係起完全中介作用,保護性因子能夠緩衝危險因子的消極影響。
根據研究結果,對不同機構、群體分別提出了對策與建議。
1752 rural stay-behind children of twenty middle schools were investigated from four counties in northern Jiangsu, China. Adopting latent profile analysis, this study aims to explore the subgroups of the stay-behind children in terms of the risk factors, the protective factors and the adaption. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influences on the subgroups of the stay-behind children. The structural equation model across different subgroups was adopted to find the heterogeneity of the resilience processes of different subgroups.
The results showed that: Obvious grouping features appeared and the model of four classes were supported. The four groups were defined as the well developing group, the high-risk group, the mediocre group and the resilient group. Further analysis found that compared the mediocre group, the well developing group had significant effects on fathers’ diplomas, and the high-risk group had significant effects on grades, the frequency of parents going home, and the frequency of contact with parents. The stay-behind children of four subgroups had different characteristic of resilience processes. For the resilient group, risk factors and protective factors predicted the negative adaptation respectively. However, for the other subgroups, protective factors mediated the relationship between risk factors and adaptation. According to the conclusions, some suggestions were given to governments, schools, families and counselors.
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