:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:分配正義的合理性—以羅爾斯與諾齊克為核心討論
作者:王授民
作者(外文):Wang, Shou-Min
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:哲學系
指導教授:潘小慧
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2022
主題關鍵詞:分配正義差異原則道德應得私有產權羅爾斯諾齊克Distributive JusticeDifference PrincipleMoral DesertPrivate PropertyJohn RawlsRobert Nozick
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:1
分配正義作為社會制度的基本價值是否具備道德合理性?羅爾斯在1971年發表了《正義論》,透過正義理論提供一套合理且符合正義的分配法則。隨後,1974年諾齊克發表《無政府、國家與烏托邦》來回應羅爾斯,主張任何功能更多的國家都將侵犯人們的權利。本文擬探究羅爾斯與諾齊克不同理論面向的立論基礎,並進一步透過自由主義社群內部對於價值不同的信念,找尋堅持平等與維護自由之間的共同基礎,藉以回應分配正義的合理性問題。
研究主要分成三個進路,首先由羅爾斯與諾齊克各自的理論面向分述而成。其次,通過「道德應得」與「資格」,說明羅爾斯認為人們缺乏道德理由擁有出於任意性的偶然境況,主張以「差異原則」視作社會整體的共同財富,以此解消來自「自然樂透彩」的運氣而非基於理性與選擇所帶來的結果。相對地,諾齊克通過「最低限度國家」的架構,藉由市場機能以「權利理論」保證財產獲得的正當性,並主張以「持有正義」取代分配正義,避免對「自我所有權」的侵害。最後,通過羅爾斯理論對私有產權的限制,同時促進了「兩種道德能力」的發展,使得實現分配正義的「社會基本制度」除了達到理論目的外,同時發揮平等主義的理想,使平等與自由的調和成為可能。
Is distributive justice as the fundamental value of a society morally reasonable? John Rawls' A Theory of Justice published in 1971 attempted to offer an equitable and justifiable distributive principle. Thereafter in 1974, Robert Nozick's answered with his work Anarchy, State and Utopia, in which he argued any state with more than minimal functions would be violating people's freedom. To answer question of the rationale of distributive justice, this thesis will evaluate and analyze the theory of each which lies on the opposite side of the spectrum of liberalism by examining the foundation of theories and finding the balance between equality and freedom.
This paper will use three approaches. First, recount both Rawls and Nozick's theories. Secondly, with moral desert and entitlements, Rawls argues human beings do not have a moral ground in ownership of the advantage or disadvantage from the outcome of natural change or the contingency of social circumstances. He believes the difference principle is to be the commonwealth of the society and to dissolve the result of the luck of natural lotteries not by rational choices. On the contrary, Nozick argues by utilizing the structure of the minimal state, market could guarantee the righteousness of wealth accumulation by entitlement theory and believes justice in holding should replace distributive justice to avoid violation of right to self-ownership. Lastly, limiting the right to property could promote development of the two moral powers. The distributive justice as the basics of social structure realizes the theory and guides the ideal of equalitarianism. It makes collaboration of equality and freedom possible.
I.英文書目:
Rawls, John

Book:
Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971.
———. The Basic Liberties and Their Priority. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Vol. 3, Salt Lake City: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
———. Political Liberalism. John Dewey Essays in Philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
———. The Law of Peoples: With, the Idea of Public Reason Revisited. Cambridge, Mass. ; London: Harvard University Press, 1999.
———. A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition. Rev. ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.
———. Justice as Fairness : A Restatement. Cambridge, Mass. ; London: Harvard University Press, 2001.
———. Political Liberalism. Columbia Classics in Philosophy. Expanded ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
———. A Theory of Justice. Original ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 2005.
Rawls, John, and Samuel Richard Freeman. Collected Papers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.
———. Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007.
Rawls, John, and Barbara Herman. Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Rawls, John, and Sterling M. McMurrin. Liberty, Equality, and Law: Selected Tanner Lectures on Moral Philosophy. University of Utah Press, 1987.

Book Section:
Rawls, John. "Legal Obligation and the Duty of Fair Play." In Law and Philosophy, edited by Sidney Hook: New York University Press, 1964.
———. "Justice as Reciprocity." In Utilitarianism: John Stuart Mill: With Critical Essays, edited by Samuel Gorovitz, 242-68. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971.
———. "Social Unity and Primary Goods." In Utilitarianism and Beyond, edited by Amartya Sen and Bernard Williams, 159-86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
———. "The Basic Liberties and Their Priority." In Liberty, Equality, and Law: Selected Tanner Lectures on Moral Philosophy, edited by John Rawls and Sterling M. McMurrin: University of Utah Press, 1987.

Journal Article:
Rawls, John. "Outline of a Decision Procedure for Ethics." Philosophical Review 60, no. 2 (1951): 177-97.
———. "Two Concepts of Rules." Philosophical Review 64, no. 1 (1955): 3-32.
———. "Justice as Fairness." Philosophical Review 67, no. 2 (1958): 164-94.
———. "The Sense of Justice." Philosophical Review 72, no. 3 (1963): 281-305.
———. "Distributive Justice." Philosophy, politics and society 3 (1967): 58-82.
———. "Distributive Justice: Some Addenda." American Journal of Jurisprudence 13, no. 1 (1968): 51-71.
———. "The Independence of Moral Theory." Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 48 (1974): 5-22.
———. "Reply to Alexander and Musgrave." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 88, no. 4 (1974): 633-55.
———. "Some Reasons for the Maximin Criterion." American Economic Review 64, no. 2 (1974): 141-46.
———. "The Basic Structure as Subject." American Philosophical Quarterly 14, no. 2 (1977): 159-65.
———. "Justice as Fairness: Political Not Metaphysical." Philosophy & Public Affairs 14, no. 3 (1985): 223-51.

Nozick, Robert

Book:
Nozick, Robert. Anarchy State and Utopia. New York: Basic Books, 1974.
———. Philosophical Explanations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981.
———. The Examined Life : Philosophical Meditations. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989.
———. The Examined Life : Philosophical Meditations. 1st Touchstone ed. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.
———. The Nature of Rationality. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
———. Socratic Puzzles. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.
———. Invariances : The Structure of the Objective World. Cambridge, Mass. ; London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001.
Nozick, Robert, and Gotham Book Mart Collection (University of Pennsylvania). The Nature of Rationality. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Paul, Jeffrey, and Robert Nozick. Reading Nozick : Essays on Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Philosophy and Society. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1981.

Book Section:
Nozick, Robert. "Coercion." In Philosophy, Science, and Method: Essays in Honor of Ernest Nagel, edited by White Suppes S. P. M. Morgenbesser, 440--72: St Martin's Press, 1969.

Journal Article:
Nozick, Robert. "Moral Complications and Moral Structures." The American Journal of Jurisprudence 13, no. 1 (1968): 1-50.
———. "On the Randian Argument." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 52, no. 2 (1971): 282.
———. "Distributive Justice." Philosophy & Public Affairs (1973): 45-126.

Thesis:
Nozick, Robert. "The Normative Theory of Individual Choice." Thesis (Ph D ), Princeton University., 1963.

II.英文書目:

Book:
Berlin, Isaiah. Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969.
Blackstone, William, and William G. Hammond. Commentaries on the Laws of England. from the author's 8th ed. 4 vols. San Francisco: Bancroft-Whitney, 1890.
Cohen, G. A. Self-Ownership, Freedom, and Equality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Daniels, Norman. Reading Rawls : Critical Studies on Rawls' a Theory of Justice. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1975.
Dworkin, Ronald. What Is Equality?. Part 1, Equality of Welfare. 1981.
———. Is Democracy Possible Here? : Princeton University Press, 2006.
eds., R. M. Bader and J. Meadowcroft. The Cambridge Companion to Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Cambridge Companions to Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. doi:DOI: 10.1017/CCOL9780521197762.
Freeman, Samuel Richard. The Cambridge Companion to Rawls. Cambridge Companions. Cambridge, U.K. ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
———. Rawls. Routledge Philosophers. London ; New York: Routledge, 2007.
Goodman, Nelson. Fact, Fiction and Forecast. Cambridge,: Harvard University Press, 1955.
Hempel, Carl G. Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays. New York: Free Press ;Collier-Macmillan, 1965.
Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. Fontana Philosophy Series. Glasgow: Collins, 1962.
Kymlicka, Will. Contemporary Political Philosophy : An Introduction. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Lacey, Alan. Robert Nozick. Routledge, 2014.
Laslett, Peter. Philosophy, Politics and Society; a Collection. Oxford,: Blackwell, 1956.
Lehning, Percy B. John Rawls : An Introduction. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Edited by Peter Laslett. Student ed. Cambridge Cambridgeshire ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
MacIntyre, Alasdair C. After Virtue : A Study in Moral Theory. 3rd ed. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007.
More, Thomas. Utopia (1516). 1 vols. Leeds, Eng: Scolar Press Ltd, 1966.
Plato, and Henry Desmond Pritchard Lee. The Republic. Penguin Classics. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1955.
Pogge, Thomas. Realizing Rawls. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
Rachels, James. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. 4th ed. Boston ; London: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Rand, Ayn. Philosophy, Who Needs It. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1982.
Rand, Ayn, and Nathaniel Branden. The Virtue of Selfishness, a New Concept of Egoism. A Signet Book,. New York: New American Library, 1964.
Raphael, D. D. Problems of Political Philosophy. New York,: Praeger Publishers, 1970.
Sandel, Michael J. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. Cambridge Cambridgeshire ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
———. Liberalism and Its Critics. Readings in Social and Political Theory. New York: New York University Press, 1984.
———. Democracy's Discontent : America in Search of a Public Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996.
———. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge Universtiy Press, 1998.
———. Public Philosophy : Essays on Morality in Politics. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005.
———. The Case against Perfection : Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007.
———. Justice : A Reader. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
———. Justice : What's the Right Thing to Do? 1st ed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009.
———. What Money Can't Buy : The Moral Limits of Markets. 1st ed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012.
Scanlon, Thomas. Why Does Inequality Matter? Uehiro Series in Practical Ethics. First edition. ed. 2018.
Schmidtz, David. Robert Nozick. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Tersman, F. Reflective Equilibrium: An Essay in Moral Epistemology. Almquist & Wiksell International, 1993.
Walzer, Michael. Spheres of Justice : A Defence of Pluralism and Equality. Oxford: Robertson, 1983.
Wolff, Jonathan. Robert Nozick : Property, Justice, and the Minimal State. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991.
———. An Introduction to Political Philosophy. Opus. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
———. Robert Nozick: Property, Justice and the Minimal State. John Wiley & Sons, 2018.

Book Section:
Scanlon, T. M. "The Significance of Choice." In The Tanner Lectures on Human Values (Vol. 8, Pp. 149-216), edited by Sterling M. McMurrin: University of Utah Press, 1988.
Sen, Amartya. "Equality of What?". In Liberty, Equality, and Law: Selected Tanner Lectures on Moral Philosophy, edited by John Rawls and Sterling M. McMurrin: University of Utah Press, 1987.

Journal Article:
Cohen, Gerald A. "Robert Nozick and Wilt Chamberlain: How Patterns Preserve Liberty." Erkenntnis 11, no. 1 (1977): 5-23.
Cohen, G. A. "On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice." Ethics 99, no. 4 (1989): 906-44.
Holmes, Robert L. "Nozick on Anarchism." Political Theory 5, no. 2 (1977): 247-56.
Jaworski, Peter. "Feser on Nozick." Review of On Nozick, Edward Feser. The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 7, no. 1 (2005): 181-87.
Scanlon, Thomas. "Nozick on Rights, Liberty, and Property." Philosophy & Public Affairs (1976): 3-25.
Waldron, Jeremy. "Nozick and Locke: Filling the Space of Rights." Social Philosophy and Policy 22, no. 1 (2005): 81-110.

Websites:
Feldman, Fred and Brad Skow, "Desert", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.),
.

III.中文書目

原典中譯:
John, Rawls,黃丘隆譯,《正義論》,台北:結構群,1990。
John, Rawls,李少軍、杜麗燕、張虹譯,《正義論》,新店:桂冠,2003。
Nozick, Robert,王建凱譯,《無政府、國家與烏托邦》,台北:時報出版,1996。
Nozick, Robert,姚大志譯,《無政府、國家與烏托邦》,北京:中國社會科學出版社,2008。
Nozick, Robert,姚大志譯,《被檢驗的人生》,上海:譯文出版社,2015。

專書:
Kymlicka, Will,劉莘譯,《當代政治哲學導論》,台北:聯經出版,2003。
Raphael, D. D.,朱堅章譯,《政治哲學中的論題》,台北:幼獅,1977。
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,張露譯,《論人類不平等的起源和基礎》,臺北:五南,2019。
文長春,《邏輯在先的個人權利:諾齊克的政治哲學》,北京:中央編譯出版社,2006。
何懷宏,《正義理論導引:以羅爾斯為中心》,北京:北京師範大學出版社,2015。
沈清松,《跨文化哲學與宗教》,台北:五南,2012。
周保松,《自由人的平等政治》,北平:生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店,2013增定版。
周濂,《現代政治的正當性基礎》,北京:三聯書店,2008。
周濂,《正義與幸福》,北京:中國人民大學出版社,2018。
林火旺,《羅爾斯正義論》,台北:臺灣書局,1998。
姚大志,《當代西方政治哲學》,北京:北京大學出版社,2011。
姚大志,《羅爾斯》,長春:長春出版社,2011。
洪漢鼎,《當代哲學詮釋學導論》,台北:五南,2008。
陳宜中,《當代正義論辯》,台北:聯經出版社,2013。
趙敦華,《勞斯正義論解說》,台北:遠流出版公司,1997。

期刊文章:
吳樓平,〈反思平衡:羅爾斯理論轉向的方法論基礎〉,《哲學動態》03期,2020,頁92-100。
周保松,〈自由主義左翼的理念〉,《二十一世紀》149期,2015,頁36-54。
周保松,〈自由主義左翼的理念〉,《二十一世紀》149期,2015,頁36-54。
周家瑜,〈自由主義陰影下的洛克:洛克論財產的道德問題〉,《政治與社會哲學評論》75期,2021,頁1-53。
周濂,〈古典共和主義與政治自由主義的一致性:對桑德爾的幾點回應〉,《哲學與文化》39卷8期,2012,頁95-109。
周濂,〈正義第一原則與財產所有權的民主制〉,《中國人民大學學報》01期,2015。
林永崇,〈政治參與與價值中立-從羅爾斯和雷茲的不同立場說起〉,《哲學與文化》32卷6期,2005,頁35-52。
俞麗霞,〈運氣平等主義視角下的分配正義〉,《哲學與文化》48卷1期,2021,頁157-72。
姚大志,〈論程序正義〉,《天津社會科學》4期,2000,頁39-42。
姚大志,〈分配正義:從弱勢族群的觀點看〉,《哲學研究》3期,2011,頁107-14。
姚大志,〈再論分配正義:答段忠橋教授〉,《哲學研究》5期,2012,頁99-105。
姚大志,〈社會正義論綱〉,《學術月刊》11期,2013。
段忠橋,〈關於分配正義的三個問題-與姚大志教授商確〉,《中國人民大學學報》01期,2012。
段忠橋,〈何謂分配正義?-與姚大志教授商確〉,《哲學研究》7期,2014,頁3-9。
孫善豪,〈三種私有財產證成中的問題及其盲點〉,《台灣政治學刊》17卷1期,2013,頁57-105。
孫善豪,〈洛克的金錢拜物教:作為財產之勞動原則與同意原則之辯證統一〉,《政治與社會哲學評論》59期,2016,頁1-49。
徐峰,〈正義優先於應得?-評羅爾斯的「反應得」理論〉,《二十一世紀》150期,2015,頁79-90。
徐峰,〈平等妒忌的結果?-以約翰羅爾斯為中心的考察〉,《哲學與文化》47卷3期,2020,頁167-80。
張國清,〈分配正義與社會應得〉,《中國社會科學》5期,2015,頁21-39。
楊士奇,〈論儲蓄原則的推導與證立〉,《哲學與文化》34卷7期,2007,頁155-73。
謝世民,〈羅爾斯與社會正義場域〉,《政治與社會哲學評論》9期,2004,頁1-38。
龔群,〈在無政府與利維坦之間─自由主義的國家觀〉,《哲學與文化》39卷8期,2012,頁29-50。


 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top