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題名:門戶開放政策下的傳道外交(一九一三∼一九一六年)
書刊名:人文藝術學報
作者:吳昆財 引用關係
作者(外文):Wu, Quen-tsai
出版日期:2002
卷期:1
頁次:頁337-373
主題關鍵詞:門戶開放政策塔夫脫威爾遜對華政策傳道外交袁世凱孫中山顧維鈞二十一條款Open door policyTaftWilsonPolicy on ChinaMissionary diplomacyYuan Shih-kaiSun Yat-senKu Wei-chunTwenty-one items
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從一八九九年,麥金萊(William McKinley)總統的國卿海約翰(John Hay)提出「門戶開放」(Open Door)的中國政策,至一九一六年為止,美國得對華政策共歷經了三位總統,分別是老羅斯福時期(Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1909)、塔夫脫時期(William H. Taft, 1909-1913),以及威爾遜時期(Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921)。這三位總統分別在外交上採取不同的策略,也各有特色。老羅斯福是「巨棒外交」(Stick Diplomacy),塔夫脫是「金元外交」(Dollar Diplomacy),威爾遜則是「傳道外交」(Missionary Diplomacy)。上述三種外交策略對二十世紀的中美外交皆造成影響,但貫穿其間是門戶開放政策。本文主要著重在一九一三至一九一六年,華府與新締造的中國之外交關係。不過歸納此階段的中美關係有二個特色:一、華府以務實的觀點,執行對華政策;二,新中國過度期待美國對華的善意。
From 1899 to 1916, the Secretary of Department John Hay designated the “Open Door” policy on China. There were three presidents of the United States who had made clear policies regarding China. These include Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909), William H. Taft (1909-1913), and Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921). They had different strategies in dealing with Sino-American relations, and developed their own characteristics respectively. Roosevelt’s was the Big Stick Diplomacy, Taft’s was the Dollar Diplomacy, and Wilson’s was the Missionary Diplomacy. Even though these foreign policies had heavily influenced Sino-American relation, “Open Door” remained the keystone of China policy form 1913-1916, the period of which this paper is concerned. There are two characteristics about this period: 1.the United States policy on china was based on realism, not idealism; 2.Cnina overestimated American help and friendship.
學位論文
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