This paper discussed the western medical history in Taiwan from the primitive medical stage will the period under Japanese occupation, that means until the Christian medical mission was popular. In Ming and Chin Dynasty, before the colonialism power entered Taiwan, people in Taiwan suffered from the local tropical diseases of unknown etiologies without good medical care. Till 1887, public health bureau was founded hiring doctors and using western medicine. Later, public health bureau was founded in larger number in the army and were rebuilt as chronic care center. In addition, public health agencies such as nursing home, chronic care center, and health care center were built for the people; private agencies were often seen as pharmacy, drug store, or herb-drug health center. Before the introduction of western medicine to Taiwan, belief of religion, aboriginal medicine, local way of treatment and herb doctor, and traditional Chinese medicine deserve our attention. During the Dutch occupation period, medical files were recorded in Dutch and conserved in the Netherlands. At that period, medical system and personnels were mainly engaged in commerce and the army. Few were missionaries and there were mostly official. In the early stage, the majority of residents in Taiwan were aborigines and many of them were Ping-pu gathered in west coast. Since Medical service was offered for aborigines, it was difficult to collect relevant data for lack of Chinese translation. Even till now, we can only infer based on the fragment of data, we call it is pre-historical history. Before the 19" Century, about three hundred years before Japanese occupation in Taiwan, western medicine was conducted by English and Dutch, in particular, East Indian Corporation, Christian medical missionaries, and customer official medical personnels. After the war with Britain and France in Chin Dynasty, Tienchin Treaty was signed which allowed foreigners to travel and inhabit in China and opened the gateway for missionaries to enter territory of China. After the treaty, Britain took over Chinese customs and set up agencies to take in charge of medical works in customs. British doctors were hired as custom officials though salaries were provided by Chin government. These officials took charge of the preventive medical work and provided medical service to both European and local residents. Some even were engaged in the studies of local or tropical and endemic diseases and recorded the medical challenges they were facing. Custom medical officials stationed in Takow and Tamsui habours from Chiawu War will till Japanese occupation period. The customs even published "Medical Reports in China Imperial Maritime Customs" and many reports, publishing, and correspondence were left by the missionaries also. Data of this period of history were conserved in the Netherlands and Britain, butthey have not been well compiled and fully used for the study of medical history in Taiwan. There is a need for us to explore medical history and activities in Taiwan before the 19" Century, especially in the fields of the political and commerce interest, medical interactive relations, and the medical education among Taiwan, the Netherlands, and Britain. Some compiled data can be found in museum, hospital, and university libraries in Britain, such as Wellcome Institute of Medical History, School of Hygience and Tropical Medicine, and School of Oriental and African Studies; and also in Taiwan including museums of Changjung High School, Hsinlou Hospital, Chuanghua Christian Hospital, and Mackay Memorial Hospital.