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題名：The Political Attitudes of Public Managers in Taiwan
書刊名：中國行政評論
作者：黃東益 引用關係／陳敦源 引用關係／余致力 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Tong-yi／Chen, Don-yun／Yu, Chilik
出版日期：2005
卷期：14:2
頁次：頁1-32
主題關鍵詞：電子化政府；數位民主；電子投票；新公共管理；Administrative elite；Public manager；Political attitudes；Tolerance of politics；Programmatic commitment
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:18
對於一個轉型中或新興的民主國家而言，官僚的民主態度與信念對於民主品質的維繫與提升，有深遠的影響。西元兩千年台灣經歷了首次政黨輪替，不過台灣的官僚在國民黨長期執政之下，其對民主政治所持的態度和西方民主國家有何差別?又有哪些因素影響這些態度的形成?由於該議題的敏感，資料取得的困難，學界過去一直未有系統性的研究。本篇論文主要從比較的觀點，一方面分析1999年台灣公共管理者的政治態度(包括容忍指標與精英指標)與計畫承諾，另一方面則嘗試找出解釋其變異的因素。 本文主要植基於Aberbach， Putnam及Rockman等學者的研究架構，為了便於比較，本文採用由Putnam(1973)及Gregory(1991)所建構的政治容忍指標、計畫承諾指標以及精英指標，考量我國實際政治情況，本文對其測量項目略作調整，三個指標依序分別由8、5、5個比例尺度題目測量，如本文附錄問卷所示。資料蒐集主要是在1998年十二月底透過郵寄問卷，調查台灣行政院及考試院九至十二職等的公共管理者，樣本為794份，訪問成功率為55%，經過卡方檢定，樣本與母體特徵並無顯著差異。 從比較的觀點來看，本文根據學者Gregory(1991)的分類，來為台灣官僚的特質定位。Gregory以政治容忍指標及計畫承諾兩個面向，建構官僚的類型:政治容忍指標及計畫承諾指標都高的國家是屬於政治性官僚(political bureaucrat) ，兩者都低的國家屬於典型官僚(classical bureaucrats)，前者如澳洲、紐西蘭，義大利則屬於後者。政治容忍指標高而計畫承諾低的國家稱為傳統僚(traditional bureaucrats)，如英國及德國;相對的，政治容忍指標低而計畫承諾高的國家稱為技術官僚(technocrats)。 根據以上的分類架構，本研究對台灣中央政府公共管理者所蒐集的實證調查資料顯示，相對於其他民主國家而言，如圖一所示，台灣公共管理者政治容忍指標偏低，而計畫承諾指標則偏高，可歸類為技術性官僚(technocrat)。作者認為造成台灣官僚政治態度與其他國家的差異主要在於台灣受到儒家長久的影響，加上長期威權統治，強調和諧、共識及對權威的遵從，較缺乏對於國家爭取權力以及容忍異見的傳統。 除了從比較的觀點呈現台灣官僚的民主態度及計畫承諾的分佈概況，本研究進一步解釋這些面向的變異。迴歸分析顯示工作年資愈資深者，政治容忍度愈低，其他的人口變項，如職等高低、性別及教育程度等，對於政治容忍指標則沒有顯著影響。在計畫承諾部分，職等、年資、性別及教育程度對其有顯著的影響。職等愈高，計畫承諾指標愈低，年資愈資深者，對於計畫性承諾愈低，男性比女性投入的程度要低，教育程度愈高，對手中計畫的投入程度則愈高。 本研究系統地檢視台灣公共管理者的政治態度及計畫承諾，在學術上有其開創性，可作為政黨輪替前後台灣官僚政治態度改變趨勢之先期研究，以及提供東亞其他國家作為比較研究之用。對於實務界而言，本研究的各項結論也可供人事管理與訓練參考之依據。
Under authoritarian rule for more than five decades, the political attitudes of administrative elite in Taiwan's central government were insufficiently studied. This paper presents and analyzes the results of a survey conducted in 1999 in Taiwan to explore public managers' political attitudes. Based on Aberbach, Putnam, and Rockman's (1981)comparative studies of bureaucrats and politicians in Western democracies, this project measures the attitudes of public managers in Taiwan, which Putnam (1973 and Gregory (1991), among others, consider as crucial determinants of government performance and responsiveness to social change. Second, we utilize regression analysis to explore the variation of attitudes among public managers in Taiwan. In general, Taiwan public manager's tolerance of politics is lower than and their programmatic commitment is higher than those in the Western democracies. According to Gregory's (1991) classification, public managers in Taiwan can be aggregately c1assifiedas "technocrat." Second, regression analysis on ITP indicates that the more senior, the more intolerant a public manager becomes. Third, the higher the rank and education, the more committed a public manger is to his/her programs; whereas the more senior, the lower programmatic commitment; male public managers tends to be much less committed to programs than female, given the same rank, seniority and education.
期刊論文
1.Aberbach, Joel D.、Rockman, Bert A.(1988)。Mandates or Mandarins? Control and Discretion in the Modern Administrative State。Public Administration Review，48(2)，606-612。  new window
2.Putnam, Robert D.(1973)。The Political Attitudes of Senior Civil Servants in Western Europe: A Preliminary Report。British Journal of Political Science，3(3)，257-290。  new window
3.Aberbach, J. D.、Rockman, B. A.(1976)。Clashing Beliefs Within the Executive Branch: The Nixon Administration Bureaucracy。American Political Science Review，70(2)，456-468。  new window
4.Shin, Doh Chull、Shyu, Huoyan(1997)。Public Opinion in New Democracies: Political Ambivalence in South Korea and Taiwan。Journal of Democracy，8(3)，109-124。  new window
5.Higley, John、Huang, Tong-yi、Lin, Tse-min(1998)。Elite Settlements in Taiwan。Journal of Democracy，9(2)，148-163。  new window
6.Aberbach, Joel D.、Rockman, Bert A.(1978)。Administratives' Beliefs about the Role of the Public: The Case of American Federal Executives。Western Political Quarterly，31，502-522。  new window
7.Aberbach, Joel D.、Chesney, James D.、Rockman, Bert A.(1975)。Exploring Elite Political Attitudes: Some Methodological Lessons。Political Methodology，2，1-27。  new window
8.Aberbach, Joel D.、Derlien, Hans(1975)。American and German Federal Executives--Technocratic and Political Attitudes。International Social Science Journal，123，3-18。  new window
9.Aberbach, Joel D.、Krauss, Ellis S.、Muramatsu, Michio、Rockman, Bert A.(1990)。Comparing Japanese and American Administrative Elites。British Journal of Political Science，20(4)，461-488。  new window
10.Chao, Yung-mau(1995)。Taiwan Difang Jining De Minzhu Jiaxzhe Quxiang。Zhenzhe Kexue Luencuertg，6，73-108。  new window
11.Huang, Xiu-duan(1995)。Conflict Perception among County and City Elite。Soochou Journal of Political Science，4，85-114。  new window
12.Huang, Xiu-duan(1996)。The Analysis of Political Tolerance of the People on Taiwan。Soochou Journal of Political Science，6，1-38。  new window
13.Meier, Kenneth J.、Nigro, Lloyd(1976)。Representative Bureaucracy and Political Preferences: A Case Study in the Attitudes of Federal Executives。Public Administration Review，36(4)，458-469。  new window
14.Palumbo, D. J.(1969)。Power and Role Specificity in Organization Theory。Public Administration Review，29(3)，237-248。  new window
15.Rice, Eric M.(1992)。Public Administration in Post-Socialist Eastern Europe。Public Administration Review，52(2)，116-124。  new window
16.Schroter, Eckhard、Rober, Manfred(1997)。Regime Change and Administrative Culture: Role Understandings and Political Attitudes of Top Bureaucrats from East and West Berlin。American Review of Public Administration，27(2)，107-132。  new window
17.Selden, Sally C.、Brewer, Gene A.、Brudney, Jeffrey L.(1999)。Reconciling Competing Values in Public Administration: Understanding the Administrative Role Concept。Administration and Society，31(2)，171-204。  new window
18.Wu, Jaushien J.(1991)。The Merging Political Party System in the Republic of China。Issues and Studies，1991(Nov.)，126-242。  new window
19.Wynia, Bob L.(1974)。Federal Bureaucrats‘ Attitude toward Democratic Ideology。Public Administrative Review，34(2)，156-162。  new window
20.Gregory, Robert J.(1991)。The Attitudes of Senior Public Servants in Australia and New Zealand: Administrative Reform and Technocratic Consequence?。Governance，4(3)，295-331。  new window
研究報告
1.Niou, Emerson MS.、Ordeshook, Peter(1993)。Notes on Constitutional Change in the ROC: Presidential versus Parliamentary Government (計畫編號：869)。  new window
學位論文
1.Yen, Liang-kung(1990)。An Empirical Analysis of Political Tolerance in Taiwan(博士論文)。University of Texas at Austin。  new window
圖書
1.Krislov, Sumuel、Rosenbloom, David H.(1981)。Representative Bureaucracy and the American Political System。New York：Praeger Publishers。  new window
2.Aberbach, Joel D.(1990)。Keeping a Watchful Eye: The Politics of Congressional Oversight。Washington, DC：Brookings Institution。  new window
3.Heady, Ferrel(1988)。Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective。New York：Marcel Dekker, Inc.。  new window
4.Hu, Fu(1998)。The Studies in Political Science: Political Culture and Political Life。Taipei：San-min Publisher。  new window
5.LaPalombara, Joseph(1963)。Bureaucracy and Political Development。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
6.O'Donnell, Gullermo(1973)。Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics。Berkeley：University of California Institute of International Studies。  new window
7.Stillman, Richard J.(1991)。Preface to Public Administration: A Search for Theses and Direction。New York：St. Martin's Press。  new window
8.Aberbach, Joel D.、Putnam, Robert D.、Rockman, Bert A.(1981)。Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies。Harvard University Press。  new window
9.Chu, Yun-han(1992)。Crafting Democracy in Taiwan。Taipei：Institute for National Policy Research。  new window
10.Huntington, Samuel Phillips(1991)。The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century。University of Oklahoma Press。  new window
11.Pye, Lucian W.(1981)。The Dynamics of Chinese Politics。Oelgeschlager, Gunn and Hain Publishers, Inc.。  new window
單篇論文
1.Waldo, Dwight(1980)。Politics and Administration: The Profound Disjunction。  new window
圖書論文
1.Cheng, Tun-jen、Hsu, Yung-ming(1996)。Issue Structure, the DPP's Factionalism, and Party Realignment。Taiwan's Electoral Politics and Democratic Transition: Riding the Third Wave。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharp。  new window
2.Aberbach, Joel D.、Rockman, Bert A.、Copeland, Robert M.(1990)。From Nixon's Problem to Reagan’s Achievement: The Federal Executive Reexamined。Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency。Baltimore：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
3.Huang, Te-fu(1996)。Elections and the Evolution of the Kumingtang。Taiwan‘s Electoral Politics and Democratic Transition: Riding the Third Wave。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharp。  new window
4.Hyden, Goran(1997)。Democratization and Administratio。Democracy's Victory and Crisis。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Lai, Wei-yau(1996)。The Career of Higher Civil Servant: Comparing ROC with Japan, The U. S. and Some European Nations。Civil Service Systems: National Comparisons。Taipei：Academia Sinica。  new window
6.Friedrich, Carl J.(1940)。Public Policy and the Nature of Administrative Responsibility。Public Policy: A Yearbook of the Graduate School of Public Administration, Harvard University, 1940。Harvard University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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