An Ethnographic Study on Expert Teachers' Cognition__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	An Ethnographic Study on Expert Teachers' Cognition
書刊名：	國立虎尾科技大學學報
作者：	江麗琴
作者(外文)：	Chiang, Li-chin
出版日期：	2006
卷期：	25:3
頁次：	頁105-126
主題關鍵詞：	專家教師；教師思考；心理的表徵；教師決定；Expert teacher；Teacher's thinking；Teacher's decision-making；Mental representation
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:9 點閱:53

本文旨在描述與詮釋四位科技大學英語閱讀教學專家教師的思考與互動思考模式，並探討其心理表徵、訊息處理與對教學事件的理解。本研究採「教育俗民誌」的研究方法，針對教室觀察實地筆記、俗民誌訪談轉錄資料、以及參與教師的教學相關文件資料進行質性資料分析。研究結果顯示，經驗豐富的專家教師擁有建構良好的知識結構，能有效的採用各種教學策略，並能持續的檢視、評估與反思。而這種複雜的基模增加了教室情境訊息的處理能力，也因而成就了閱讀教學的專業知能。四個要素可以說明專家教師教學的認知過程：（一）教師的信念、假設與知識構成系統，（二）心理的表徵與訊息的處理，（三）對學生的基模，以及（四）行動的知識。

以文找文

This study describes and explains four expert reading teachers’ thinking and interactive thoughts within the social and cultural environment of freshmen English classroom. It aims to outline how features of the classroom may be mentally represented by the expert teachers, and how the expert teachers perceive and interpret the classroom events. To understand the meanings of expert teachers’ decision-making and interactive thoughts, qualitative procedures were utilized to analyze the data, which contains field notes of participant observation, ethnographic interviewing transcripts, and pertinent written documents. Results indicated that better developed knowledge structures and effective classroom strategies, along with on-going assessments and reflections, constituted the expert teachers’ schemata, which in turn increased their skills in processing information in the unpredictable classroom world and led to their expertise in reading instruction. Four major themes that elaborate the expert teachers’ cognitive processes in teaching are: (a) network of teachers’ BAK (beliefs, assumptions, and knowledge), (b) mental representation and information-processing, (c) schemata about students, and (d) knowledge-in-action. Although the results may not be generalizable to other teachers, they provide a holistic understanding of and fruitful insights for reading instruction.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Johnson, K. E.(1992)。The relationship between teachers’ beliefs and practices during literacy instruction for non-native speakers of English。Journal of Teaching Behavior，34(1)，83-108。
2.	Agne, K. J.、Greenwood, G. E.、Miller, L. D.(1994)。Relationships between teacher belief systems and teacher effectiveness。Journal of Research and Development in Education，27(3)，141-152。
3.	沈明月(20050300)。An Investigation of EFL Non-English Majors' Word Inferring Process: Strategy Use, Context Use and Error Pattern。國立虎尾科技大學學報，2，255-264。
4.	Stern, P.、Shavelson, R. J.(1983)。Reading teachers' judgments, plans, and decision making。Reading Teacher，37(3)，280-286。
5.	柯美雲(20020300)。A Study on Teachers' Perception of Strategy Use: Reading Strategy Instruction and Students' Motivation to Read。國立虎尾技術學院學報，5，202-212。
6.	Borko, H.、Livingston, C.(1989)。Cognition and improvisation: Differences in mathematics instruction by expert and novice teachers。American Educational Research Journal，26(4)，473-498。
7.	歐鴻章(19970800)。A Comparative Study of English Reading Proficiency between Comprehensive University and Technological Institute Seniors。英語語言與文學學刊，2，1-12。
8.	Hogan, T.、Rabinowitz, M.、Craven III, J. A.(2003)。Representation in Teaching: Inferences From Research of Expert and Novice Teachers。Educational Psychologist，38(4)，235-247。
9.	Graden, E. C.(1996)。How language teachers' beliefs about reading instruction are mediated by their beliefs about students。Foreign Language Annals，29(3)，387-395。
10.	Doyle, Walter(1977)。Paradigms for research on teacher effectiveness。Review of Research in Education，5，163-198。
11.	Fogarty, J. L.、Wang, M. C.、Creek, R.(1983)。A descriptive study of experienced and novice teachers' interactive instructional thoughts and actions。Journal of educational research，77(1)，22-32。
12.	Berliner, D. C.(1986)。In pursuit of the expert pedagogue。Educational Researcher，15(7)，5-13。
13.	Pajares, M. F.(1992)。Teachers' beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy construct。Review of Educational Research，62(3)，307-332。
14.	Westerman, Delores A.(1991)。Expert and novice teacher decision making。Journal of Teacher Education，42(4)，292-305。
15.	Carter, K.、Cushing, K.、Sabers, D.、Stein, P.、Berliner, D. C.(1988)。Expert-Novice differences in perceiving and processing visual classroom information。Journal of teacher education，39(3)，25-31。
16.	Shulman, Lee S.(1987)。Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform。Harvard Educational Review，57(1)，1-23。
17.	Johnson, K. E.(1992)。Learning to teach: Instructional actions and decisions of preservice ESOL teachers。TESOL Quarterly，26(3)，507-535。
18.	Kleven, T. A.(1991)。Interactive Teacher Decision‐making—still a basic skill?。Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research，35(4)，287-294。
19.	Borg, S.(1999)。Teachers' theories in grammar teaching。ELT Journal，53(3)，157-167。

會議論文
1.	Huang, T. L.(2001)。字彙與閱讀之探討與實踐研究。第十屆英語文教學國際研討會，中華民國英語文教師學會舉辦。台北市：文鶴出版社。446-445。延伸查詢
2.	Berliner, D. C.(1987)。Expert and novice interpretations of classroom data。The American Educational Research Association。Washington, DC。
3.	Berliner, D. C.、Carter, K. J.(1986)。Differences in processing classroom information by expert and novice teachers。the meeting of the International Study Association on Teacher Thinking。Leuven。
4.	Calderhead, J.(198304)。Research into teachers’ and student teachers’ cognitions: Exploring the nature of classroom practice。The meeting of the American Educational Research Association。Montreal。
5.	Chan, L. Y.、Huan, Y. K.(2001)。Communicative language teaching: Senior high school teachers’ beliefs and practices。The Tenth International Symposium on English Teaching。Taipei：Crane。219-227。
6.	Huan, C. C.(2004)。A vocabulary gap between agricultural freshmen and textbooks。the 21st International Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the R.O.C.。Taichung：Chaoyang University of Technology。205-217。
7.	Yang, Y. F.(2001)。Time and frequency of teacher intervention in students1 vocabulary comprehension process。The 16th Technological and Vocational Education Conference of Republic of China。花蓮：慈濟技術學院。63-72。
8.	Lin, M. S.(1992)。Designing an effective English program in universities of technology in Taiwan。The Ninth Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the Republic of China。Taipei：Crane Publishing Co。409-425。

研究報告
1.	Joe, S. G.、Hung, C. H.(1998)。A study of technological institute English teachers' metacognition of English reading instruction (計畫編號：NSC87-2411-H-224-001)。Taipei。

學位論文
1.	Wu, S. R.(1999)。A study of technological-institute teachers' beliefs and knowledge about reading instruction(碩士論文)。National Changhua University of Education，Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China。

圖書
1.	Gagné, Ellen D.、Yekovich, C. W.、Yekovich, F. R.(1985)。The cognitive psychology of school learning。Little, Brown and Company。
2.	Hargreaves, A.(1994)。Changing teachers, changing times: Teachers' work and culture in the postmodern age。Teachers College Press。
3.	Johnson, K. E.(1999)。Understanding language teaching: Reasoning in action。Boston：Heinle and Heine。
4.	Richards, J. C.、Lockhart, C.(1994)。Reflective teaching in second language classrooms。Cambridge University Press。
5.	Woods, D.(1996)。Teacher cognition in language teaching: Beliefs, decision-making and classroom practice。Cambridge University Press。
6.	Stern, H. H.(1992)。Issues and options in language teaching。Oxford University Press。
7.	Patton, Michael Quinn(1990)。Qualitative evaluation and research method。Sage。
8.	Glaser, Barney G.、Strauss, Anselm L.(1967)。The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research。Aldine。

其他
1.	McMahon, L. A.(199512)。A study of how teachers employ their teaching skills during interactive decision making，Ann Arbor, Mich.。
2.	Milner, H. R.(200110)。A qualitative investigation of teachers' planning and efficacy for student engagement，Ann Arbor, Mich.。

圖書論文
1.	Clark, C. M.、Peterson, P. L.(1986)。Teachersâ thought process。Handbook of research on teaching。New York：MacmiIlian Publishing Company。
2.	Borko, H.、Putnum, R. T.(1996)。Learning to teach。Handbook of educational psychology。New York：Simon & Schuster。
3.	洪銓修、周碩貴、吳庶任(1998)。技術學院英文教師閱讀教學觀點研究。The Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on English Teaching。Taipei：The Crane Publishing Co.。延伸查詢
4.	McNamara, T.(1994)。Knowledge representation。Thinking and problem solving。New York：Academic。
5.	Janesick, V. J.(1994)。The dance of qualitative research design: Metaphor, methodolatry, and meaning。Handbook of qualitative research。Thousand Oaks, CA：Sage。
6.	Freeman, D.(1996)。Redefining the relationship between research and what teachers know。Voices from language classrooms: Qualitative research in second language classroom。New York：Cambridge University Press。
7.	Burns, A.(1996)。Starting all over again: From teaching adults to teaching beginners。Teacher learning in language teaching。New York：Cambridge University Press。
8.	Clark, C. M.、Yinger, R. J.(1979)。Teachers' thinking。Research on teaching: Concepts, findings, and implications。Berkeley, CA：McCutchan。
9.	Freeman, Donald(1996)。The "unstudied problem": Research on teacher learning in language teaching。Teacher learning in language teaching。Cambridge University Press。
10.	Smith, D. B.(1996)。Teacher decision making in the adult ESL classroom。Teacher learning in language teaching。New York：Cambridge University Press。
11.	Shulman, L. S.(1986)。Paradigms and Research Programs in the Study of Teaching: A Contemporary Perspective。Handbook of Research on Teaching。New York, NY：Macmillan Publishing Company。
12.	Calderhead, J.(1996)。Teachers: Beliefs and knowledge。Handbook of educational psychology。New York, NK：Simon & Schuster Macmillan。
13.	Borko, H.、Shavelson, R. J.(1990)。Teacher decision making。Dimensions of thinking and cognitive instruction。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
14.	Bailey, K. M.(1996)。The best laid plans: Teachers' in-class decisions to depart from their lesson plan。Voices from the language classroom: Qualitative research in second language education。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
15.	Morse, J.(1994)。Design funded qualitative research。Handbook of Qualitative Research。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。

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