根據行政院衛生署統計臺灣地區65歲以上老年人口主要死亡原因，事故傷害佔了十大死因之一，其中的意外跌倒佔事故傷害的第三位。跌倒是老人常見的問題，有近三分之一至一半的老年人口曾有跌倒之經驗。對老人來說，跌倒是個意外事件，會造成外傷、失能、害怕再跌倒，行動能力減少，依賴性增加，甚至死亡。本文主要以文獻探討老人或失智老人跌倒的危險因子，內容包括：老人跌倒、跌倒的受傷情形、跌倒危險因子、失智症與跌倒、髖部護墊。結果發現老人或失智老人跌倒的危險因子，包括：人口學因素，日常生活功能依賴程度較高者，認知功能障礙者，罹患糖尿病、高血壓、或心血管疾病者，服用抗憂鬱藥、鎮靜安眠、與使用四種以上藥物者、無扶手、燈光昏暗，皆會增加老人發生跌倒的機會。失智長者本身的多種功能障礙，使他們成為跌倒的高危險群，其跌倒的發生率較一般老人高。因此在跌倒的預防策略上也應以多重介入的模式考量，除加強事前防範之外，對於無法避免發生的跌倒事件，可用髖部護墊預防跌倒發生時的髖部骨折，應是可進一步努力的目標之一。

The statistic data from Department of Health, Executive Yuan, showed the accident injury of the elder was in the one of the top ten, and the falls was the third of accident. Falls is the accident which caused injury, disabilities, fear of falling, decreased mobility, increased dependent, even then death. This article from literature review described the risk factors of falls by the elder with or without dementia, the contains have: the elder falls, the injury status of falls, the risk factors of falls, dementia and falls, hip protectors. The risk factors of falls from literature review were demographic factor, highly dependence of daily activity function, cognitive impairment, diabetics, having hypertension, having cardiac vascular disease, taking antidepressants, taking sedatives, sleeping pills, have more then four medicine, no handrail, and dim light; those risk factors will increased the incidence of the elderly falls. The elder with dementia carried multiple impairment that characteristics made dementia patient become a highly risk fall group, and the incidence of fall higher then the elder without dementia. Therefore, the strategies of prevent falls are multiple interventions; if the falls can not avoid, to think about the hip protectors may be can prevent the hip fracture when fall happen, which may we strive for the goal.