危機與轉機：英國博物館組織再造之案例探討__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	危機與轉機：英國博物館組織再造之案例探討
書刊名：	博物館學季刊
作者：	曾信傑
作者(外文)：	Tzeng, Shin-chieh
出版日期：	2008
卷期：	22:1
頁次：	頁31-48
主題關鍵詞：	組織再造；大英博物館；格拉斯哥博物館；法人化；Reengineering；British museum；Glasgow museums；Moving towards trust status
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(1) 排除自我引用:8 共同引用:0 點閱:79

臺灣博物館界近年來面臨一連串的挑戰，市場飽和、競爭加劇、資源減少等，不一而足。對公立博物館而言，則另外承受了公辦民營、委外經營、行政法人化及組織層級降低等壓力，這可說是新世紀中博物館之危機。類似的狀況在過去三十年來，已陸續出現在英國的國家與地方博物館，許多博物館紛紛透過組織變革與重組方式，試圖創造博物館之新契機。組織理論自十九世紀至今，已經有不同學者提出不同觀點，來解釋組織的形成與運作。組織再造自一九九○年代已經被提出廣泛討論，尤其是在營利組織中特別風行，在非營利組織中也受到重視，其中是顧客、競爭與改變的3C概念，對於傳統的管理有相當大的啟發。即便是在博物館中，也逐漸將這個3C概念融入到管理上，有學者從這裡衍生出博物館的新商業模式。本研究從組織理論與組織再造出發，探討它們的發展與在博物館中的運用。接著回顧英國博物館過去二十年來的沿革，著眼在博物館與外在環境的互動。透過兩個個案的分析，提出其組織在快速變動的社會中如何應變，大英博物館是透過組織架構的不斷重整、格拉斯哥博物館則是轉型為以信託基金會方式經營。這兩個案例帶給我們一些省思，在重新定位博物館自身的利基的過程中，可以化危機為轉機，為博物館開創新方向與未來。

以文找文

Museums in Taiwan have faced a series of challenges, including market saturation, increasing competition and decreasing resources. Public museums have also been confronted with pressure from the government, such as privatization, outsourcing, establishment of foundations and streamlining of organizational structures. This seems to be the first crisis for museums in Taiwan in the new millennium. A similar situation has been occurring in the UK for the last three decades, with many museums adopting organizational reform or reengineering to create new opportunities. The theory of reengineering was proposed in the 1990s and widely discussed. The concept of 3Cs (customer, change and competition) has been adapted to the museum sector and some scholars have used it to create a new business model for museums in the 21st century. This research began with a review of organizational theories and reengineering and how they are utilized in museums. The history of UK museums over the last twenty years was then reviewed to understand the interaction between museums and their environments. Through an analysis of two cases, an insight into how an organization responds to the rapidly changing society is provided. The first is the British Museum and its constant organizational restructuring, while the second is the Glasgow Museums and their movement toward trust status. It is the aim of this research, through an analysis of the two cases, to provide inspiration for museums in Taiwan to reposition themselves and find their own niches. Only when this is done can museums transform crisis into opportunity and create a new direction and better future.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Heywood, F.(2007)。Future of the Theatre Museum Still up in the Air。Museums Journal，9。
2.	Heywood, F.(2007)。Glasgow council cotes to hand over museums and galleries to trust。Museums Journal，9。

圖書
1.	Alexander, E. P.、Alexander, M.(1996)。Museums in Motion: An Introduction to the History and Functions of Museums。Lanham, MD：AltaMira。
2.	Wilson, David Mackenzie(2002)。The British Museum: A History。London：The British Museum Press。
3.	Wilson, David Mackenzie(1989)。The British Museum: Purpose and Politics。The British Museum: Purpose and Politics。London。
4.	Babbidge, A.、Ewles, R.、Smith, J.(2006)。Moving to Museum Trusts: Learning from Experience。London：Museums, Libraries and Archives Council。
5.	Falk, John H.、Sheppard, Beverly K.(2006)。Thriving in the Knowledge Age: New Business Models for Museums and Other Cultural Institutions。Lanham, MD：Altamira。
6.	Fopp, M. A.(1997)。Managing Museums and Galleries。London：Routledge。
7.	Kotler, Neil、Kotler, Philip(1998)。Museum strategy and marketing: Designing missions, buildings, audiences, generating revenue and resources。San Francisco, Calif：Jossey Bass Inc.。
8.	Osborne, David、Gaebler, Ted、劉毓玲(1993)。新政府運動。台北：天下文化。延伸查詢
9.	McLean, Fiona(1997)。Marketing the museum。Routledge。
10.	吳金桃(2002)。Privatising Culture: Corporate Art Intervention Since the 1980s。Privatising Culture: Corporate Art Intervention Since the 1980s。London/New York。
11.	Museums and Galleries Commission(1988)。The National Museums and Galleries of the United Kingdom。The National Museums and Galleries of the United Kingdom。London。
12.	陳海鳴(1993)。管理學概論：理論與臺灣實證。管理學概論：理論與臺灣實證。臺北。延伸查詢
13.	溫金豐(2006)。組織理論與管理。組織理論與管理。臺北。延伸查詢
14.	Burnett, Andrew、Reeve, John(2001)。Behind the Scenes at the British Museum。Behind the Scenes at the British Museum。London。
15.	Caygill, Marjorie(2002)。The Story of the British Museum。The Story of the British Museum。London。
16.	Colbert, Francois(2001)。Marketing Culture and the Arts。Marketing Culture and the Arts。Montreal。
17.	Spalding, J.、Hancock, G.(1994)。Glasgow's Art Gallery and Museum: The Building and the Collections。Glasgow's Art Gallery and Museum: The Building and the Collections。Glasgow。
18.	Glasgow Museums(1996)。Gallery of Modern Art Glasgow: The Forst Year。Gallery of Modern Art Glasgow: The Forst Year。London。
19.	Gray, M.(2006)。Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum: Glasgow's Portal to the World。Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum: Glasgow's Portal to the World。Glasgow。
20.	Griffin, D. J. G.、Abraham, M.(1999)。Management of Museums in the 1990s: Governments and Organizational Reform。Management in Museums。London。
21.	Hammer, Michael、Champy, J.(1995)。Reengineering the corporation: a manifesto for business evolution。Reengineering the corporation: a manifesto for business evolution。Lodon。
22.	Kinchin, P.、Kinchin, J.(1988)。Glasgow's Grest Exhibitions: 1888, 1901, 138, 1988。Glasgow's Grest Exhibitions: 1888, 1901, 138, 1988。Wendlebury。
23.	Knights, David、Willmott, Hugh(2000)。The reengineering revolution?: critical studies of corporate change。The reengineering revolution?: critical studies of corporate change。London。
24.	Lewis, D. G.(1984)。Museums in Britain: 1920 to the Present Day。Manual of Curatorship: A Guide to Museum Practice。London。
25.	Middleton, V. T. C.(1998)。New Visions for Museums in the 21st Century。New Visions for Museums in the 21st Century。London。
26.	Museums and Galleries Commission(1994)。The Museum Scene。Museum Provision and Professionalism。London/New York。
27.	National Audit Office(2004)。Income generated by the Museums and Galleries: Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General。Income generated by the Museums and Galleries: Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General。London。
28.	Netherlands, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science(1994)。Autonomy for the National Museums and Museum Services in the Netherlands: Background and Documentation。Autonomy for the National Museums and Museum Services in the Netherlands: Background and Documentation。Rijswijk, Netherlands。
29.	Smith, Rupert(2007)。The Museum: Behind the Scenes at the British Museum。London：BBC Books。
30.	Tait, Simon(1989)。Palaces of discovery: the changing world of Britain's museums。Palaces of discovery: the changing world of Britain's museums。London。
31.	Woroncow, B.(1994)。Public palaces or private places?。Museum Provision and Professionalism。London / New York。

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