The modernization experiences that Japan has undergone both in Meiji reform and Shokusan Kogyu become significant foundation for Japan Empire’s colonial policy later. To spread these experience, those technocrats who were trained on Western modem science and technology played important roles. During the whole colonial period, however, the civil engineers administering the roads construction varied greatly in their backgrounds and qualities from time to time. In the Administrative Bureaucracy Leading Period (1895.5-1898.6), the civil engineers were not good at their profession and behaved not probably. Under such practices, corruption frequently happened. In the Technocrats Leading Period (1898.7-1924.12) when Nagao Hannpei took responsibility for the Civil Engineering Bureau, he replaced most of the officials with graduated student from the Tokyo Imperial University. From than on, this team of elite technocrats were in charge of the civil work in Taiwan for a while. In the Transformation of Transportation Policy Period (1924.12-1945), railways were no long the focus and road construction came into the spotlight instead. The Civil Engineering Bureau began to promote the newly-planned roads construction and actively engage the civil engineering experts in paving modem roads. These civil engineering works are so wide in range and magnificent in scale that they indicated imperial policy of Japan went hand in hand with the colonial policy in Taiwan. In fact, a great number of these civil engineers continued to serve the Government of Japan inland or private enterprises after their resignation from Taiwan. However, the General Governor of Taiwan did not train native technocrats that resulted in great difficulties for the takeover from the National Government after the Second World War. All the handicaps occurring in the takeover reflect the inefficient transfer of technology in the colonial period.