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題名:轉變國際秩序下「中立」概念之地位
書刊名:問題與研究
作者:蕭琇安
作者(外文):Hsiao, Hsiu-an
出版日期:2008
卷期:47:1
頁次:頁29-54
主題關鍵詞:中立化永久中立中立法中立政策中立國集體安全制度戰時中立Collective securityInternational law of neutralityNeutrality in warNeutralizationNeutral policyNeutral statePermanent neutrality
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:77
從兩次世界大戰至今,國際政治結構與秩序發生幾次重大的轉變。集體安全制度的形成、戰爭形態的改變、以及全球化與區域化發展所帶來新的問題與威脅等,使傳統「中立」制度與觀念面臨存廢的挑戰。另一方面,實踐上,有關「中立」概念的主張與應用卻始終存在。有鑒於此,本文擬從國際政治發展的不同階段,以宏觀的角度來探討「中立」概念的源起以及法律與政策面的發展與轉變,嘗試對「中立」概念在現代國際秩序中的角色與作用進行理論和實踐的觀察與分析。從法律層面來看,傳統戰時中立的國際法制度並未被淘汰,但在集體安全制度形成以後,其功能受到很大的限制,同時規範內容更新發展的腳步,似乎也趕不上國際環境變化的需求。在政治層面的發展上,國際社會成員對於中立的性質與作用,已由傳統的消極轉為積極的思維。過去嚴守中立的國家普遍意識到,中立作為外交政策的原則,只是保障國家安全與利益的一個選項;在現今的國際環境中,個別國家的利益與國際社會共同的價值與利益密不可分。政治上完全自我孤立的中立政策,反而可能不利於外交關係的和諧,也無益於國際合作與和平。整體而言,「中立」概念在歷經幾個世紀的發展以後,至今仍有其存在的價值。實踐上也證明,「中立」作為法律制度或者政策性的概念或原則,或多或少仍保有傳統中立概念的基本屬性。至於「中立」未來的重要性,甚至存廢,與國際政治包括集體安全制度的發展,息息相關。這是在一個國家在詮釋或應用中立概念的政策思考上, 不應忽略的面向。
期刊論文
1.Jessup, P. C.(1932)。The Birth, Death and Reincarnation of Neutrality。American Journal of International Law,26,790。  new window
2.Gordon, Leonard H. D.(1985)。United States opposition to use of force in the Taiwan Strait, 1954-1962。Journal of American History,72(3),637-660。  new window
3.Fedder, Edwin H.(1968)。The Concept of Alliance。International Studies Quarterly,12(1),68-69。  new window
4.Greenwood, C.、Greenwood, Christopher(2002)。International Law and the 'War Against Terrorism'。International Affairs,78(2),301-317。  new window
5.Roberts, Adam(1994)。The Law of War in the 1990-1991 Gulf Conflict。International Security,18,134-181。  new window
6.Shikhmuradov, Boris O.(1997)。Positive Neutrality as the Basis of the Foreign Policy of Turkmenistan。PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs,2(2)。  new window
7.蔡明螢(2004)。瑞士中立政策轉變之研究-以瑞士加入聯合國為例。國際論壇,3,107-141。  延伸查詢new window
8.王凱(2004)。土庫曼斯坦的軍事戰略和軍事力量。國際資料信息,6,21-25。  延伸查詢new window
9.Vagts, Detlev F.(1998)。The Traditional Legal Concept of Neutrality in a Changing Environment。American University International Law Review,14,83-102。  new window
10.Koskenniemi, Martti(1996)。The Place of Law in Collective Security。Michigan Journal of International Law,17,455-455。  new window
11.Greenwood, Christopher(2002)。Applicability of International Humanitarian Law and the Law of Neutrality to the Kosovo Campaign。Israel Yearbook on Human Rights,31,111-144。  new window
12.Havel, Brian F.(2000)。An International Law Institution in Crisis: Rethinking Permanent Neutrality。Ohio State Law Journal,61,167-266。  new window
13.蕭風城(1999)。中立與集體安全制度。西安政治学院学报,12(1),46-53。  延伸查詢new window
14.Sherman, Gordon E.(1918)。The Neutrality of Switzerland。American Journal of International Law,12(2),241-250。  new window
15.Graham, Malbone W., Jr.(1927)。Neutralization as a Movement in International Law。American Journal of International Law,21(1),79-94。  new window
16.Jackson, Linda(2005)。A Greater Chinese Union。The Washington Quarterly,28(3),27-39。  new window
17.Habicht, Max(1953)。The Special Position of Switzerland in International Affairs。International Affairs,29(4),457-463。  new window
18.Zahler, Walter R.(1936)。Switzerland and the League of Nations: A Chapter in Diplomatic History。American Political Science Review,30(4),753-757。  new window
19.Fenwick, C. G.(1953)。The Old Order Changeth, Yielding Place to New。American Journal of International Law,47(1),84-87。  new window
20.Verdross, Alfred(1956)。Austria's Permanent Neutrality and the United Nations Organizations。American Journal of International Law,50(1),61-68。  new window
21.Fenwick, C. G.(1969)。Is Neutrality Still a Term of Present Law?。American Journal of International Law,63(1),100-102。  new window
22.Bailey, Sydney D.(1980)。Nonmilitary Areas in the UN Practice。American Journal of International Law,74(3),499-525。  new window
圖書
1.Detter, I.(2000)。The Law of War。London, UK。  new window
2.Cassese, Antonio(2005)。International Law。Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Green, Leslie C.(2000)。The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict。Manchester:Manchester University Press。  new window
4.Chesterman, Simon(2001)。Just War or Just Peace? Humanitarian Intervention and International Law。Oxford:Oxford University Press。  new window
5.中央通訊社(2005)。2005世界年鑑。2005世界年鑑。臺北市:中央通訊社。  延伸查詢new window
6.Jennings, Robert Y.、Watts, Arthur(1992)。Oppenheim's International Law: Peace。London:Longman。  new window
7.Karsh, Efraim(1988)。Neutrality and Small States。London。  new window
8.丘宏達(2006)。現代國際法。三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
9.彭明敏(1995)。國際法概要。台北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.楊永明(2003)。國際安全與國際法。臺北:元照出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.Madders, Kevin J.(1997)。Neutrality in Air Warfare。Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Vol. III。0。  new window
12.Zemanek, Karl(1997)。Neutrality in Land Warfare。Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Vol. III。0。  new window
13.Dinstein, Yoram(1997)。Neutrality in Sea Warfare。Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Vol. III。0。  new window
14.Verosta, Stephan(1997)。Neutralization。Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Vol. III。0。  new window
15.Bedjaoui, Mohammed(1997)。Non-aligned States。Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Vol. III。0。  new window
16.(2000)。Documents on the Law of War。Documents on the Law of War。Oxford, UK。  new window
17.Oppenheim, L.(1952)。International Law: A Treatise, Vol. II。International Law: A Treatise, Vol. II。London, UK/ New York, NY/ Toronto, Canada。  new window
18.Chadwick, Elizabeth(2002)。Traditional Neutrality Revisited: Law, Theory and Case Studies。Traditional Neutrality Revisited: Law, Theory and Case Studies。The Hague, Netherlands。  new window
19.Neff, Stephen C.(2000)。The Rights and Duties of Neutrals: A General History。Manchester, UK:Manchester University Press。  new window
20.Wilson, Heather(1988)。International Law and the Use of Force by National Liberation Movements。International Law and the Use of Force by National Liberation Movements。Oxford, UK。  new window
21.Goetschel, Laurent(2005)。Magdalena Bernath and Daniel Schwarz, Swiss Foreign Policy: Foundations and Possibilities。Magdalena Bernath and Daniel Schwarz, Swiss Foreign Policy: Foundations and Possibilities。London, UK/ New York, NY。  new window
22.(2004)。2005年世界年鑑。2005年世界年鑑。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
23.Delbrück, Jost(1992)。Demilitarization。Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Vol. I。0。  new window
24.Klein, Eckart(1995)。Free Cities。Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Vol. II。0。  new window
其他
1.Badykova, Najia(2005)。Regional Cooperation for Human Development and Human Security in Central Asia. UNDP Country Background Studies: Turkmenistan,0。  new window
2.Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Confederation of Switzerland(2006)。The Essence of Swiss Neutrality,0。  new window
3.Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Confederation of Switzerland(1993)。White Paper on Neutrality: Annex to the Report on Swiss Foreign Policy for the Nineties of 29 November, 1993,0。  new window
圖書論文
1.Bindschedler, Rudolf L.(1997)。Neutrality, Concept and General Rules。Encyclopedia of Public International Law。  new window
2.趙國材(1997)。論永久中立國與聯合國。聯合國與歐美國家論文集。臺北市:中央研究院歐美研究所。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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