國家型研發計畫評估與政策管理：以研發國際化的觀點__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	國家型研發計畫評估與政策管理：以研發國際化的觀點
書刊名：	管理與系統
作者：	張元杰／史欽泰／簡文強／蘇千豪
作者(外文)：	Chang, Yuan-chieh／Shih, Chin-tay／Chieng, Wen-chiang／Su, Chian-hau
出版日期：	2009
卷期：	16:1
頁次：	頁25-51
主題關鍵詞：	國家型計畫；研發評估；研發國際化；多國籍企業；德爾菲法；National R&D program；R&D evaluation；Globalization of R&D；Multinational corporation；Delphi Method
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:4 共同引用:1 點閱:85

爲建立台灣成爲「國際創新研發基地」，經濟部自民國91年推動「鼓勵國外企業在台設立研發中心」計畫，期望透過國外企業在台從事較前瞻型與躍進型研發活動，以彌補台灣以發展型與漸進式創新研發的不足，但實施至今，國外企業在台研發中心實際從事的研發活動與績效尚待評估。本文回顧研發國際化與科技評估等文獻，提出了一個整合式的評估架構(integrated evaluation approach)來評估該國家型研發計畫對我國創新系統與產業研發的影響，透過四個產業專家小組的討論，找出該計畫的政策效用、衝擊、過程改善與未來發展策略的重要評估議題，再經德爾菲法問卷(Delphi survey)來匯集專家對該研發計畫的看法。研究結果顯示：(1)該計畫的效用面：專家對「促進全國研發經費占GDP3%的目標」、「促進台灣企業進行較前瞻型技術研發」與「彌補我國企業在基礎研究的不足」等方面，都持較保留的看法；(2)在計畫產生的研發效益方面：專家認爲對「產業在國際接軌」與「活絡國內創新體系」效益高於「產業研發升級」；(3)對計畫補助的重點上：國外研發中心與國內的產學研合作研究應繼續加強；與(4)未來政策與策略發展方面：該計畫應對不同的研發活動，給予不同的補助比例，乃當務之急。最後本文對該國家型研發計畫政策評估過程與未來方向提出建言。

以文找文

For establishing Taiwan as a global R&D hub, the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), Taiwan, initiated a national R&D program entitled: 'The Program to Encourage Multinational Corporations to Set up Innovative R&D Centers in Taiwan' in 2002. The purpose of the program aims to solve the systemic innovation failure prevailing in the Taiwanese industrial innovation system that the Taiwanese firms tend to focus on incremental and development-focused R&D rather than radical and pre-competitive R&D. However, the impacts of the program on Taiwanese innovation system are understudied. The paper proposes an integrated evaluation approach to assess the national impacts as a whole. The paper illustrates the organization of evaluation that deploys four industrial panels and a following 2-wave Delphi questionnaire survey. Based on the Delphi exercise, the study collects expert's opinions on the effectiveness, impacts, process improvement, and future development strategy of the program. The results suggest: (1) the program achieved in facilitating domestic innovation actors to tap on MNC global R&D networks but did little in promoting radical innovation and basic research in Taiwanese industry; (2) providing higher subsidy rate to basic and pre-competitive R&D activities and (3) enhancing MNC R&D centers-national innovation actor collaborative research are the top priorities in the future funding policy. Finally, some recommendations for the further national R&D program evaluation are made.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Gassmann, O.、Von Zedtwitz, M.(1998)。Organization of Industrial R&D on a Global Scale。R&D Management，28(3)，147-161。
2.	Scriven, M.(1996)。Types of evaluation and types of evaluator。American Journal of Evaluation，17(2)，151-161。
3.	Kumar, Nagesh(2001)。Determinants of Location of Overseas R&D Activity of Multinational Enterprises: The Case of US and Japanese Corporations。Research Policy，30(1)，159-174。
4.	Vernon, R.(1996)。International investment and international trade in the product cycle。Quarterly Journal of Economics，80(2)，190-206。
5.	Von Zedtwitz, M.(2004)。Managing Foreign R&D Laboratories in China。R&D Management，34(4)，439-452。
6.	林欣吾(20021100)。主要國家科技研發計劃的評估機制。臺灣經濟研究月刊，25(11)=299，42-51。延伸查詢
7.	Holden, Michael C.、Wedman, John F.(1993)。Future issues of computer-mediated communication: The results of a Delphi study。Educational Technology Research and Development，41(4)，5-24。
8.	Arnold, E.(2004)。Evaluating Research and Innovation Policy: A Systems World Needs Systems Evaluations。Research Evaluation，Vol. 3, No. 1，19-32。
9.	Chang, P. C., Wang, C. P., Yuan, B. J. C, Chuang, K. T.(2000)。Forecast of Development Trends in Taiwan’s Machinery Industry。Technological Forecast and Social Change，Vol. 69, No. 8，781-802。
10.	Chen, S.-H.(2004)。Taiwanese IT Firms’ Offshore R&D in China and Connection with the Global Innovation Network。Research Policy，Vol. 33, Iss.2，337-349。
11.	Cheng, J. and Bolon, D.(1993)。The Management of Multinational R&D: A Neglected Topic in International Business Research。Journal of International Business Studies，Vol. 24, No. 1，1-18.。
12.	Chiesa, V.(1996)。Managing the Internationalization of R&D Activities。IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management，43(1)，7-23。
13.	De Meyer, A. and Mizushima, A.(1989)。Global R&D Management。R&D Management，Vol. 19, No. 2，135-146。
14.	Georghiou, L. and Rossener, D.(2000)。Evaluating Technology Programs: Tools and Methods。Research Policy，Vol. 29, No. 5，657-678。
15.	Granstrand, O.、Hakansson, L.、Sjolander, S.(1993)。Internationalization of R&D: A Survey of Some Recent Research。Research Policy，22(5/6)，413-430。
16.	Li, J. and Yue, D.(2005)。Managing Global Research and Development in China: Patterns of R&D Configuration and Evolution。Technology Analysis and Strategic Management，Vol . 17, No. 3，317-337。
17.	Menzler-Hokkanen, I.(1995)。Multinational Enterprises and Technology Transfer。International Journal of Technology Management，Vol. 10, No. 2/3，293-310。
18.	Perrino, A. and Tipping, J.(1991)。Global Management of Technology: A Study of 16 Multinationals in the USA, Europe and Japan。Technology Analysis & Strategic Management，Vol. 3, No. 1，87-97。
19.	Reddy, P.(1997)。New Trends in Globalization of Corporate R&D and Implications for Innovation Capability in Host Countries: A Survey from India。World Development，Vol. 25, No. 11，1821-1837。
20.	Rugman, A. M.(1981)。Research and Development by Multinational and Domestic Firms in Canada。Canadian Public Policy，7(4)，604-616。
21.	Serapio, M. and Dalton, D.(1993)。Foreign R&D Facilities in the United States。Research Technology Management，Vol. 36, No. 6，33-39。
22.	Weiss, C. H.(1988)。Evaluation for Decisions: Is Anybody There? Does Anybody Care?。Evaluation Practice，Vol. 9, No. 2，87-92。

會議論文
1.	劉世南、張超群、董麗蓉(2004)。「創新前瞻技術發展初期效益評估: 一項科技專案研發計畫之實證研究」。新竹。1-8。延伸查詢
2.	Arnold, E. and Guy, K.(1997)。Technology Diffusion Programmes and the Challenge for Evaluation。Paris。
3.	Capron, H. and de la Potterie, B.(1997)。Public Support to R&D Programmes: An Integrated Assessment Scheme。Paris。35-47。

研究報告
1.	UNCTAD(2005)。World Investment Report: Transnational Corporations and the Internationalization of R&D。New York and Geneva。
2.	Xue, L. and Wang, S.(2001)。Globalization of R&D by Multinational Corporations in China: An Empirical Analysis。Tokyo Regional Office。

圖書
1.	余序江、許志義、陳澤義(1998)。科技管理導論：科技預測與規劃。臺北：五南圖書出版有限公司。延伸查詢
2.	Rossi, Peter H.、Freeman, Howard E.(1993)。Evaluation--A Systematic Approach。Sage Publications Inc.。
3.	Martino, J. P.(1993)。Technological Forecasting for Decision Making。McGraw-Hill。
4.	Cooper, D. R.、Schindler, P. S.(2003)。Business Research Methods。McGraw-Hill Irwin Publisher。
5.	Dunning, J.(1992)。Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy。Harlow。
6.	Geisler E. and Rubenstein A.(1989)。University-Industry Relationship: A Review of Major Issues。Cooperative Research and Development: The Industry-University- Government。Boston/Dordrecht/London。
7.	Hair, J., Tatham, R., and Anderson, R.(2002)。Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th Ed.。Upper Saddle River, N.J.。
8.	Hong, H.-D. and Boden, M.(2003)。R&D Programme Evaluation: Theory and Practice。Aldershot。
9.	Pearce, R. D.(1989)。The Internationalization of Research of Development by Multinational Enterprises。New York。
10.	Reddy, P.(2000)。The Globalization of Corporate R&D: Implications for Inno vation Capability in Developing Countries。London。
11.	Walsh, K.(2003)。Foreign High-Tech R&D in China: Risks, Rewards and Implications for U.S.-China Relations。Washington, D.C.。

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