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題名：生物剽竊與遺傳資源取得法制之研究
書刊名：臺灣國際法季刊
作者：李彥群
作者(外文)：Li, Yen-chun
出版日期：2006
卷期：3:4
頁次：頁243-288
主題關鍵詞：生物剽竊；遺傳資源；生物多樣性公約；取得；傳統知識；專利；Biopiracy；Genetic resources；Convention on Biological Diversity；Access；Traditional knowledge；Patent
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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隨著生物技術之進步，人類對各種遺傳資源之利用也日漸拓展，遺傳資源在從糧農到醫藥等各領域中扮演重要角色，並帶來龐大商機，然其取得與利用也衍生出被稱為「生物剽竊」之問題。此一問題涉及生物多樣性之保育;專利制度之修改;傳統知識之保護等議題，因而受到國際關注，許多國家業已完成遺傳資源取得法制之立法以資因應。我國地處亞熱帶，擁有豐富的生物多樣性與遺傳資源，也同樣面臨生物剽竊之問題，因此實有必要對於生物剽竊與遺傳資源法制之議題進行研究，以保護我國之遺傳資源免於濫用。本研究之結論認為，生物剽竊之問題反映遺傳資源市場出現市場失靈之情形，若能針對此一市場失靈之情形加以改善，則不僅各種遺傳資源將能得到充分開發與利用，亦可為擁有此等資源之國家或人民提供保育之經濟上誘因。關於此一問題，國際上雖有生物多樣性公約提出之若干重要原則得以遵循，但更重要的是各國以其國內法制訂相應的遺傳資源取得法制加以落實。我國現行法規雖有部分規範似可適用於遺傳資源之取得，但仍然有所不足，亟待積極立法以資改善。我國學者提出之遺傳資源法草案業已具備遺傳資源取得法制之基本雛形，盼能獲得各界之充分參與，早日完成立法，以有效保護我國之遺傳資源，並維護國家與人民之權益。
As biological technology advances, uses of genetic resources have been expanding. While genetic resources play significant roles in sectors ranging from food and agriculture to medicine and bring on considerable commercial interests, from the access and manipulation thereof has emerged an issue called "biopiracy", which is related to the conservation of biodiversity, the modification of patent regime, the protection of traditional knowledge and other topics. Therefore, the issue of biopiracy is gathering international concerns. Meanwhile many nations have adapted laws and regulations on access to genetic resources in response. Taiwan, blessed with high-level biodiversity and genetic resources while faced with the problem of biopiracy, should undertake researches on biopiracy and the regulation of access to genetic resources in order to protect its valuable resources from appropriation. In general, this study concludes that biopiracy represents the failure for the market of genetic resources. Mending such market failure will not only help achieve sustainable use of genetic resources but provide economical incentives for the nations and their people that own such resources. National access regulations or access laws must be in place if the principles and objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity are to be fulfilled. Current regulations in Taiwan are far from efficiency over this issue and a regulation specifically dealing with such issue is needed. This study finds the Draft Act, while further improvement is still required, suitable for the need for Taiwan to effectively manage and regulate access to its genetic resources.
期刊論文
1.Aoki, Ketih(1998)。Neocolonialism, Anticommons Property, and Biopiracy in the (Not-So-Brave) New World Order of International Intellectual Property Protection。Ind. J. Global Legal Stud.，6，11。  new window
2.Bender, Erin Kathleen(2003)。North and South: The WTO, TRlPS, and the Scourge of Biopiracy。Tulsa J. Comp. & Int’l L.，11，281。  new window
3.Firestone, Laurel A.(2003)。Note, You Say Yes, I Say No; Defining Community Prior Informed Consent Under the Convention on Biological Diversity。Geo. Int’L Envtl. L. Rev.，16，171。  new window
4.Folkins, Pollyanna E.(2003)。Note, Has the Lab Coat Become the Modem Day Eye Patch? Thwarting Biopiracy of Indigenous Resources by Modifying International Patenting Systems。Transnat’L. L. & Contemp. Probs，13，339。  new window
5.Hahn, Anja von、von Lewinski, S.(2004)。Indigenous Heritage and Intellectual Property： Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge And Folklore。KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL。  new window
6.Heald, Paul J.(2003)。The Rhetoric of Biopiracy。CARDOZO J. Int'L & Comr L.，11，519。  new window
7.McClelland, Lynn(2004)。Bioprospecting: Market-Based Solutions to Biopiracy。UCLA J. L. & Tech.，8。  new window
8.Ochave, Jose Maria A.(1999)。The Anticommons in Bioprospecting: Regulation o f Access to Genetic and Biological Materials in the Philippines。World Bulletin，15，150。  new window
9.Odek, James O.(1994)。Bio-piracy: Creating Proprietary Rights in Plant Genetic Resources。J. Intell. Prop. L.，2，141。  new window
10.Powers, Michele A.(1993)。The United Nations Framework Convention on Biological Diversity: Will Biodiversity Preservation Be Enhanced Through Its Provisions Concerning Biotechnology Intellectual Property Rights?。Wis. Int' L. L. J.，12，103。  new window
11.Rubin, Steven M.、Fish, Stanwood C.(1994)。Biodiversity Prospecting:Using Innovative Contractual Provisions to Foster Ethnobotanical Knowledge, Technology, and Conservation。J. Int’L Envtl. L. & Pol’y，5，23。  new window
12.Spier, Victoria E.(2001)。Finders' Keepers: The Dispute Between Developed and Developing Countries over Ownership of Property Rights in Genetic Material。SPG WlDENER L. SYMP. J.，7，203。  new window
13.Stenton, Gavin(2004)。Biopiracy Within the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Stark Illustration o f How Abusive, Manipulative and Perverse the Patenting Process Can Be Towards Countries of the South。E.I.P.R.，26(1)，17-26。  new window
14.Sundaram, Sivashree(2005)。Battling Bills, Beans & Biopiracy。Alb. L. J. Sci & Tech.，15，545。  new window
15.Woods, Michael(2002)。Food for Thought: The Biopiracy of Jasmine and Basmati Rice。Alb. L. J. Sci & Tech.，13，123。  new window
16.Heller, Michael A.(1998)。The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets。Harvard Law Review，111(3)，621-688。  new window
17.倪貴榮、張宏節、李彥群、張詠惠、吳慈佩、陳致浤(20051000)。生物遺傳資源之取得與利益分享之國際法發展趨勢。科技法學評論，2(2)，1-62。new window  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.(20051222)。Analysis of Options for Implementing Disclosure of Origin Requirements in Intellectual Property Applications (計畫編號：Doc.UNEP/CBDAVG-ABS/4/INF/2)。  new window
2.(1999)。Access to Genetic Resources: An Evaluation of the Development and Implementation of Recent Regulation and Access Agreements。  new window
3.Rausser, Gordon C.、Small, Arthur A.(2000)。Valuing Research Leads: Bioprospecting and the Conservation of Genetic Resources。  new window
學位論文
1.江冠賢(2004)。植物遺傳資源權益與生物技術智慧財產權保護之研究(碩士論文)。國立交通大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.孟繁蓉(2005)。遺傳資源取得和利益分享之管制原則(碩士論文)。國立東華大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.陳俊銘(2002)。原住民族傳統資源之智慧財產權保護與管理(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.廖文孜(2001)。生物遺傳資源之智慧財產權保護(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.毛慶生(2004)。經濟學。  延伸查詢new window
2.遺傳資源法規研擬小組(2005)。遺傳資源取得與利益分享。國立臺灣大學農藝學系。  延伸查詢new window
3.Glowka, Lyle(1998)。A Guide to Designing Legal Frameworks to Determine Access to Genetic Resources。  new window
4.Kate, Kerry Ten、Laird, Sarah A.(1999)。The Commercial Use of Biodiversity: Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing。  new window
5.Shiva, Vandana(1997)。Biopiracy : The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge。  new window
6.Cooter, Robert、Ulen, Thomas、溫麗琪(2003)。法律經濟學。臺北市：華泰文化。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.概說植物基因資源與智慧財產權-- 當「生物多樣性公約」遇見 「貿易有關之智慧財產權協定」，http://www.taie.com.tw/1332.htm。  延伸查詢new window
2.Correa, Carlos M.(1994)。Sovereign and Property Rights over Plant Genetic Resources，ftp://ext-ftp.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/BSP7bsp2E.pdf。  new window
3.Bellot-Rojas, Mariana，Bernier, Sophie(2005)。International Expert Workshop on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing:Record of Discussion，http://www.canmexworkshop.com/final.cfm。  new window
4.Seiler, Achim，Dutfield, Graham(2001)。Regulating Access and Benefit Sharing: Basic issues, legal instruments, policy proposals，http://www.biodiv.org/doc/meetings/abs/abswg-01/information/abswg-01-inf-04-en.pdf，(UNEP/CBDAVG-ABS/l/INF/4)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Koning, Martine de(1999)。Biodiversity Prospecting and the Equitable Remuneration of Ethnobiological Knowledge: Reconciling Industry and Indigenous Interests。INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Aspects of Ethnobiology。  new window
2.Reid, Walter V.(1997)。Regulating the Biotrade to Promote the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity。GLOBAL Genetic Resources:Access, Ownership, and Intellectual Property Rights。  new window
 
 
 
 
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