The theme of the Rustic pervades much of European history since, at least, Latin antiquity. We tend nowadays to identify it with kitsch, bad taste (especially in the domain of architecture and interior decoration) and cheap entertainment. But in the past, in fact during almost twothousand years, "rusticity" has held a different status: since Virgil and until romanticism it has been, in different guises a counter-program to existing social reality. As such Christianity accommodated it, by giving it a religious twist, among other through the figure of the hermit and the ideal of the Franciscan Monks. This "noble" form of the "Rustic" has in fact survived until today, notably in art (for example in Rilke's Stundenbuch) and in philosophy : Heidegger's philosophical "primitivism" is its most eminent XXth century reincarnation.