Having long historical roots in forestry, Taiwan’s Tungshih Township has been continuously affected by the lumber industry throughout its history. Extending from the Qing Dynasty, when soldiers were sent to harvest wood for use in construction, to the development of the Basianshan timberland during the Japanese Occupation period, to the operation of the Basianshan and the Dasyueshan timberlands beginning in the Nationalist Government era, Tungshih has veritably epitomized Taiwanese lumbering history. Throughout this history, Basianshan, Alishan, and Taipingshan have ranked as the three largest forest farms on the island. Japanese soldiers discovered Basianshan during the 44th year of the Ming-Zhi Era (1911) when battling against the Atayal Tribe. In July of the fourth year of the Da-Zheng Era (1915), the Forest Bureau began to log trees in areas near the Li De River, thereby inaugurating the Japanese lumbering system era in Taiwan. By the time that the Nationalist Government moved to Taiwan, the supply of logs from these three forest farms had been almost depleted. While the Basianshan Timber District tried to regain its glory, attention was drawn to the the Tashushan area behind it, which had not been developed due to the steep terrain. When the Korean War started, American operational support and equipment (chainsaw logging, hauling via high-steel cables, transportation by trailer trucks, manufacturing in batches, and preliminary processes) were quickly moved in, thereby enabling advancement from the old-fashioned Japanese logging operations. As a result, Tungshih Township, which has experienced a history from military logging to the development of two big forest farms, encompasses characteristics of both the Japanese and the American logging systems and also serves as both a symbolic and defining role in Taiwan’s lumbering past. Consequently, in an attempt to elevate an understanding of Taiwan’s forestry industry, this research seeks to analyze the differences between the two systems.