The social welfare gap is increasing between agricultural and industrial sector during economic growth. Some European countries have introduced exclusive social protection scheme for farmers to overcome this gap. This international comparison study attempts to figure out how to construct an applicable social protection for farmers by comparing with different social insurance scheme among European Union countries. The comparative analysis will focus on not only differences among EU countries and Taiwan, but also strength and weakness among social insurance programs in EU countries. Based on research results of comparison, a general theoretical framework of social insurance for agricultural workers, is expected to development.