In June of 1996, Japan sanctioned the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and later announced the law on the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf. Many islands belonging to Japan are in proximity to Taiwan; the exclusive economic zone of two countries overlapped seriously, and the fisheries disputes are frequent. In addition, Japan and China also have the same problem in the East China Sea. In order to manage fishing activities, China and Japan have engaged in negotiations on the law of the sea and fishery in April, 1996. They signed the fisheries agreement under the situation when the issues of island sovereignty and maritime delimitation were unresolved. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the negotiation process and the content of Sino-Japanese fisheries agreement, hoping to understand the claims of Japan, the basis of the claims, and its negotiation strategies. The prospect of this study is to offer inspiration for Taiwan.