This study was designed to understand the exercise participation behavior and physical fitness in university students. The participants included 849 students (310 male students with mean age 19.4±0.5 years and 539 female students with mean age 19.4±0.4 years), the exercise participation behavior questionnaire and physical fitness test were used in this study. Data was processed by SPSS for windows 18.0 system and analyzed using the descriptive statistics. The results were as followed: (1) The frequency of exercise activity is two days per week (32.5%), with mean average 1-2.5 hours (48.5%). (2) The sport types that students favored included ball sports, aerobic exercise and weight training. (3) 69-75% students do exercise only in physical education class. (4) Most students hope they could learn the physical fitness and skills of exercise in the future. (5) Except one min sit-ups, the performance of the other items in male and female students were worse than the norm, especially cardiovascular endurance, the percentage rank was 9-10% and 6-15% of male and female students, respectively. Conclusion: We concluded the performance of sit and reach, standing long jump and cardiovascular endurance among students should be improved. The performance of one min sit-ups should be maintained. In order to get good health, the physical education teachers need to encourage students to do exercise regularly.