Yukichi Fukuzawa (1835 ~ 1901) was the greatest enlightened thinker, an educator and a commentator in Modern Japan. He is the first requisite to comprehend the references between politics and education of Yukichi Fukuzawa in order to clarify his political contemplation, attitude and relationship. In general, Fukuzawa was a scholar of politics but didn’t have political ambition in the least. In this paper, the refracted relationship between Fukuzawa and politics will be studied through the deepening and developing process of his educational theory.The problem between Fukuzawa’s education and politics was being clarified and theorized in the prosperity of his educational theory. It wasn’t an accident that Fukuzawa developed his educational theory for the first time in his article “ Discussion on Educational Duty ” in “ GAKUMON–NO–SUSUME ”. Hereupon, Fukuzawa evolved his educational theory with the duty theory from which his viewpoint laid stress on educational signification as well as his political views. At the same time, he was logically concluded “ the people do their duty, and the government does her duty ”, striving for the balance between the two forces and helping mutually in order to maintain the national independence. In case of “ Gakusha–Anshinron ”, Fukuzawa thought the relationship between “ governmental Sei (政)” and “ people’s Sei (政)” was to do their own duty. Like two wheels of a vehicle, they automatically propelled the civilization through the respective different routes either directly or indirectly with the view of consolidating the national independence. Such thought is the optimistically harmonious theory.Because of the coup in Meiji 14 (A. D. 1881), Fukuzawa amended his long held opinion to some degree and changed his educational theory into an educational independent theory, which made substantial rapid progress. As for “ Education must be separated from politics ”, Fukuzawa thought “ Education is never close to politics ”, and “ Making politics and education separated, letting the two be independent and not be close to each other, though faraway, helping each other, and bringing up the national power eternally are of the first importance ”.The traits of what Fukuzawa thought about politics first appeared in his assertion that cultivating political ideas was different from becoming a statesman. He once emphasized that all nationals had to have thought. The second trait appeared in his explanation on the difference between “ politics by argument ” and “ politics by practice ”. He pointed out that the difference of the functional distinction was between scholar and statesman.Throughout his life, Fukuzawa surpassed the interests of the actual political parties, continuously emphasized the importance of his assertion to Japan, and let his idea be practicable in spite of the traditional political features of Japan.