When Japan launched its full-scale invasion of China in the mid-20thCentury, Masao Maruyama, one of the few intellectual resisters under the extremely isolated situation, promoted the idea of “Independence and Self-Respect” of Yukichi Fukuzawa, assuming its significance for the spirit revolutionof the Japanese citizens. However, he remained unaware of the importance of“Other-Consciousness” at the time. After World War II, Maruyama performed a full-scale historic examination of Fascism, and analyzed the psychological structure of the Japanese society as well as the consciousness of German citizens in the World War II period. As a result, he recognized that if people lacked“Other-Consciousness,” Fascism could occur. In addition, when Maruyama later deepened his study of the modern mass society, he also noticed that “Other- Consciousness” is indispensable for establishing the spirit of “independence and self-respect” as well. By this time, he newly found the origin of the concept of correlation between “Independence and Self-Respect” and “Other-Consciousness” in Fukuzawa’s thought. This winding continuum reflects the interaction between the thought of Maruyama and Fukuzawa who lived in different times, and that between Western thought and East Asian thought.