Dr. Peter Anderson (1847-1913) served in Southern Taiwan as medical missionary for more than 30 years. However, there was very few information about him in the literature. He probably left England in 1878 and arrived in Tainan in January 1879. He started as medical director of the FusiaN hospital in Tainan on January 14, 1879. After he returned from a furlough in October 1887, he planned to build a new hospital. Because of the dispute with the owner of the land, the new Sinlau Hospital which literally meant New Building Hospital was finally finished under his supervision in April 1900. It was one of the most modern hospitals in Taiwan then. When Dr. James Maxwell, Jr. came to Tainan in 1901, Dr. Maxwell became the new Director of the Hospital and Dr. Anderson moved to Takau to start a new service there. The literature was very contradictory during this period, we still did not know the exact time he served in Takau. When Mrs Anderson was ill in 1906, they moved back to England. She passed away in December 1906. Dr. Anderson came to Takau again in April 1907. He and Dr. David Landsborough helped to continue the medical service in Tainan when Dr. Maxwell took a furlough in May, 1908. There was a record that he went to Japan because of illness in April to May, 1909. He retired and moved back to England in Fall, 1910. He later died in Parthshire on March 12, 1913 at the age of 66.