咸豐八年（1858），清廷因戰敗被迫簽訂天津條約，傳教士取得至內地傳教的權利，基督教再度東傳台灣。但在接觸過程中，國人排外仇外的心理，以及種種迷信、誤解、疑懼、盲從行為，衍生了許多問題，以致教務糾紛層出不窮。 同治七年（1868），因為接踵而至、越演越烈的教案，再加上攸關英商商務利益的樟腦糾紛事件，於是爆發了嚴重的衝突，中外交涉亦趨緊張。當時台灣官吏袒護民情，未能妥慎因應、迅速辦結，使英領事有機可乘，藉此出兵要挾，襲擊安平、強索兵費，以船堅砲利逼迫中國就範，從中獲得許多權利。 本文乃試圖分析咸豐九年至同治七年之間，台灣教案的特質，民眾反教的原因，官吏處理教案的態度，以及英國在華的外交人員，藉保護傳教的砲艦政策，來實現其在華擴張權利的侵略行為。

　　　　　In the 8th year of Hsien Feng(1858), China was defeated and compelled to sign Tien Chin treaty, which allowed missionaries the right of preaching in China. Christianity was spread eastwards to Taiwan again. In the course of contact, Chinese developed hatred toward foreigners due to superstitions, misunderstandings and apprehension. Thus, conflicts occurred frequently. In the 7th year of T'ung Chih(1868), due to successive and more fierce religious conflicts along with Camphor Incident, related with the benefits of English trade, serious conflicts exploded. The negotiation between Chinese and foreigners created great tension. Taiwan officials, favoring local people, did not responded properly. The English consul took the advantage and attached An Ping Harbor with gunboats. In the end, China was compelled to surrender and to pay indemnity. The article is intended to analyze the religious conflicts in Taiwan from 1859 to 1868 and to find out the reasons of Chinese anti-Christian movement, the misjudgement of Taiwan officials in dealing with religious conflicts and the invasive action of English diplomatic officials who used gunboat diplomacy to protect their missionaries. They successfully expanded their rights in China, but they lost their aims to win the heart of Chinese to convert to Christianity.