This study is ”The residents in the long term care institution on the social support and the life quality: According to the nursing home of the public section in the southern”. The study method is quantitative research. The contents of the questionnaire including resident's background, social support variable, life quality variable. The population have 223 persons, after crossing out 31 dementia persons and 25 incapable expressing persons, the population have 167persons. The results are: The first, there are significant differences of ”formal support” in different education level. The second, There are significant differences of ”physical part” in different religions. The third, There are significant differences of ”social part” in different married status. The fourth, There are significant differences of ”cultural part” in different education level, married status, health condition, resident time, resident Vil and resident status. The fifth, There are significant differences of ”life quality” in different education level, married status, health condition, resident time, resident Vil and resident status. The suggestions construct the conclusions on the social support (maintain the institution's soft and hard equipments working, satisfy the residents's daily life needs, etc.) and the life quality (construct residentshealth network, suffer the opportunity of the residents's self dealing living, etc.).