The objective of this study is to evaluate economic evidence and compare the impacts of different farming practices on environmental quality. This study uses data from the Agriculture and Food Agency and the Water Resources Agency to construct a partial equilibrium model for the rice production. The model simulates different farmland use practices, including convetional, organic, traceability farming, and land set-aside. Empirical results suggest that the organic farming and traceability labelling practices should be subsidized by NT$ 13,906 and NT$ 25,283 per hectare, respectively. In contrast, the current payments to farmers in the land set-aside program are too high. Based on findings, we suggest that a direct payment of NT$ 39,287 should be deducted from the current payments. Consequently, government should continue to promote the adoption of the organic farming and traceability labelling practices. The reduction in short-term land set-aside program and chemical fertilizers subsidies should be also considered.