當代所累積的人類學與西方、非西方社會研究清楚顯示，個人化的財產權制度並非「進步」結果，也非歐洲文明所獨佔，更不具有相對於各類集體化產權制度的優越地位。過去四十年，受英美等歐陸國家殖民的原住民族，紛紛要求其財產權形式、政府形式，能在國內憲法、國際法上被承認。他們期待的是，原住民族和另一個社會各自的權威傳統、論證、概念、財產權制度等，可以透過跨文化對等協商的方式取得某種共識或者暫定協議 。原住民族的主張，直接挑戰西方財產權理論向來的「中性」偽裝。因為這些財產權理論大多建立在對原住民族政治組織、財產權制度的誤認與扭曲之上。

Modern anthropology, western and nonwestern studies expressly indicate that individualized property system neither stands for the advancement nor represents the superiority and exclusivity of European civilization. In the past four decades, indigenous peoples have continued to claim for the recognition on the indigenous traditional land tenures and governmental formality. Indigenous contentions directly challenge the neutral camouflage of western property theory, which mostly built upon the misrepresentations and distortions of indigenous political organizations and property systems.