本文旨在討論十六世紀畫家阿爾欽博多（Giuseppe Arcimboldo，1527－1593）獻給神聖羅馬皇帝的「四季」系列（The Four Seasons，1563）、「四元素」系列（The Four Elements，1566）以及《佛坦努斯》（Vertumnus, c. 1590）等肖像畫中，自然組合圖像之時代意義。此九幅肖像以眾多精緻自然圖像組合成人像，是文藝復興寫實技巧的高度發展，也是矯飾風格（Mannerism）的展現，同時體現出當代贊助者與藝術家對自然物觀察的愛好。此外，人物與自然物雙重意象的轉換，也表現當代有機式宇宙觀。本文以圖像學方法，討論阿爾欽博多肖像畫中自然組合圖像、政治背景及時代精神的交互作用。

This article discusses the historical significance of natural elements of composite images in the paintings of Giuseppe Arcimboldo, prepared for the Holy Roman emperors in the late sixteenth century, as particularly seen in the The Four Seasons (1563), The Four Elements (1566), and Vertumnus (c. 1590). These nine portrait paintings incorporate an array of sophisticated natural elements. They not only represent the realistic painting of Renaissance, and extraordinary style of Mannerism, but also express the earnestness of contemporary patrons and artists in their observation of natural phenomena. In addition, the interchange of the dual images of people and the objects of nature expresses a contemporary organic view of the universe. This article uses an iconography method to discuss the mutual influence of natural composite images in Arcimboldo's portrait paintings, as well as their relationship to the political background and zeitgeist of the times.