高強度運動後造成運動型低血鈉現象是馬拉松、鐵人三項、極限賽、自行車賽等耐力型運動，及一些處在高強度訓練環境中所潛在的致命因子，發生的機轉錯綜複雜，交互影響。主要的原因是，大量流汗後，致使電解質大量流失，又短時間內過度攝取低張水分，使得體內液體超載，是運動員造成低血鈉最大的風險。本文研究目的是針對高強度運動後不正確的水分補充方式，造成對身體傷害的機轉、治療處理與預防，以文獻回顧方式做詳細介紹，提供教練及選手在高強度的訓練過程與訓練之後該如何正確的補充水分。並於未來針對長時間耐力型運動項目或從事高強度訓練項目，來發展特定預防性運動飲料研發之參考。

Acute exercise-associated hyponatremia in athletes often occurs during the competition or training season for endurance events such as the Marathon, Iron Man Triathlon and Ultra-marathon. Acute hyponatremia arises from complex contributing factors, but is always fatal. The major risk factors of acute hyponatremia in athletes is the dramatic loss of electrolytes caused by profuse sweating followed by rapid intake of excessive amounts of amount of water without electrolytes. The purpose of this study was to review the current studies about mechanism, treatment and the prevention of acute hyponatremia and to provide coaches and athletes with correct procedures for hydration after high-intensity or endurance training. This article can also provide the references for our study to develop the preventive sport drinks.