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題名:道德危害下的後京奧城市區域空間轉變及其脆弱性:以奧運中心區為例
書刊名:都市與計劃
作者:洪啟東 引用關係曹名傑
作者(外文):Hung, Chi-tungTsao, Ming-jie
出版日期:2015
卷期:42:3
頁次:頁235-271
主題關鍵詞:北京城市規劃設計道德危害奧林匹克運動會社經脆弱性空間再發展BejingCity planning and designMoral hazardOlympic GamesSocio-economic vulnerabilitySpatial redevelopment
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:7
  • 點閱點閱:27
北京於2008年成功舉辦奧林匹克運動會,然而在奧運賽事的背後,為了提升國際間的形象、促進展場地區發展;其基於城鄉總體規劃及北京首都圈經濟圈的推動,有目的性之設置展場,透過奧運活動的旅遊人潮(增加約100萬人次)帶動地區經濟。此等景象,卻增加城市成長的危機與發展脆弱。積極而言,驗證了本文所謂的「道德危害(moral hazard)」論述-傳統的都市計畫論述常以增強空間基礎設施,並以「成長極(growth core)」方式帶動城市空間的區域發展;殊不知,在面對極端氣候與全球空間資本流動的當下,已造成地區容受力衰弱、耐韌力(resilience)遞減與社經脆弱(socio-economic vulnerabilities)的倍增。前述都市成長的危機,釀成日後以國家資本化的展場管理維護模式,尤其,地產的昇華與地景的仕紳化(gentrification),促使土地的不正義與空間的商品化。本研究發問在於,北京市政府透過奧運展場企圖熱絡地區發展,重新規劃展場周遭土地使用,帶動經濟發展,而在推動空間發展下,卻忽略都市弱勢層面所引發之社經脆弱度(如,工作機會雖增加,但導致失序的流動增加土地的承載量、低收入戶被強迫遷移至社會邊緣地帶)。因此,本文藉由深入訪談與田野調查方式,闡述北京在後奧運的城市空間轉變及其衝突現象(奧運選址機制、空間發展失靈);並引介「道德危害」論述,以突顯後京奧城市空間(奧運中心區)轉變的社經脆弱性,藉此幫助往後規劃者在從事大型活動空間建造之際,期能不僅提升城鎮區域(city-regional)社經發展與空間意象,也能改善早期都市規劃所遺留的社經脆弱性與不合理性。
The Olympic Games were successfully held in Beijing 2008. The central government of China attempted to present an international image and improve the display area of regeneration according to the central plan for Beijing. The local government intended to set the display place through the stream of people in the Olympic Games to enhance the city-regional spatial economy. One objective of this study was to verify and redefine "moral hazards" in Central Beijing after the Olympic Games; the other side, to argue the discourse of traditional city planning which is often take use the growth core or empower the facilities to drive the economic development. When the post-Olympic game places facing the climate changes and spatial capital flows will be resulted in the weakness of land carry capacity, decrement of the city resilience and its socio-economic vulnerabilities, especially in the land injustice, e.g., the maintenance by national capitalization and the landscape by gentrification. One problem is that the actual reason for redistricting the Olympic central area was to promote the ambient exploitation of the display place on the surface, but it brings the socio-economic vulnerability in the essence; for example, the city forced low-income residents and floating population moving to the societal border district. This study attempted to take in-depth interviews and field study both ways as a main research method to clarify the spatial transformation mechanisms of after Olympic Games and its conflict spatial reconstruction of phenomenon (sites selecting mechanism for the location of Olympic Games, market failure for spatial (re)development). The contribution of this study is its interpretation and construction of "moral hazard", which highlights the socio-economic vulnerabilities of spatial transformation in Beijing, China after the 2008 Olympic Games.
Other
1.王永強(2010)。以IBM入駐盤古大觀爲代表性事件:後奧運時代、鳥巢商圏蹣跚起步,http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20100821/02058521634.shtml, 2013/05/08。  延伸查詢new window
2.莊志偉(2005)。奧運口號出爐:同一世界同一夢想,http://news.tvbs.com.tw/old-news.html?nid=437944, 2014/12/12。  延伸查詢new window
期刊論文
1.郭秀玲、林房儹(20071000)。2008奧運商機與臺灣運動觀光產業分析。屏東教大體育,11,56-64。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.盧世勳、劉雨芬(20121200)。全球金融危機後中國大陸房市發展--兼論官方之因應措施及其影響。國際金融參考資料,64,27-51。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Kim, H. J.、Gursoy, D.、Lee, S.-B.(2006)。The impact of the 2002 world cup on south korea: comparisons of pre- and post-games。Tourism Management,27(1),86-96。  new window
4.王進、陳華、歐陽靜仁(2010)。廣州亞運會場館賽後利用的思考。體育學刊,17(5),39-42。  延伸查詢new window
5.王蘭、劉剛(2011)。城市規劃編制體系在城市發展中的作用機制:芝加哥和上海的比較。城市規劃學刊,4,102-109。  延伸查詢new window
6.李思亮(2009)。後奧運環境下奧運舉辦城市對會展業發展的研究。理論界,1,67-68。  延伸查詢new window
7.周志忍(2009)。後奧運公共管理的三個發展趨勢。新視野,1,43-44。  延伸查詢new window
8.洪啓東、童千慈(2011)。文化創業產業城市之浮現:上海田子坊與M50個案。世界地理研究,20(2),65-75。  延伸查詢new window
9.洪啟東、劉純芳(20120600)。中國大陸512汶川震災後的重建空間轉化機制初探:彭州市與映秀鎮。都市與計劃,39(2),199-223。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.洪啓東、羅元擇(2010)。1990~2009年代上海城市區域空間的轉化與房地產的躍動。中國區域經濟,2(5),16-30。  延伸查詢new window
11.袁俊、吳殿廷、常旭(2008)。關於我國首都遷址的再探討。長江流域資源與環境,17(4),540-545。  延伸查詢new window
12.馬靜(2009)。首都減排如何百尺更進。環境保護,10A,70-72。  延伸查詢new window
13.陳銳、宋剛、李如剛(2009)。後奧運時期北京城市運行與發展模式研究。政策與管理研究,24(1),61-67。  延伸查詢new window
14.楊開忠(2008)。我國首都圏發展的幾個重大問題。社會科學論壇,2008(28),149-152。  延伸查詢new window
15.葛怡、史培軍、徐偉(2010)。恢復力研究的新進展與評述。災害學,25(3),119-225。  延伸查詢new window
16.劉婧、史培軍、葛怡(2006)。災害恢復力研究進展綜述。球科學進程,21(2),211-218。  延伸查詢new window
17.環境保護部華北環境保護督察中心(2009)。環首都圏:敏感區域的環保督察任重道遠。環境保護,7A,32-35。  延伸查詢new window
18.鏐曉輝、沈慧、陳國良(2008)。汶州大地震災後衛生重建的思考。第二軍醫大學學報,29(7),717-719。  延伸查詢new window
19.譚作人(2008)。彭州石化危害成都都市安全。亞洲週刊,22(47),30-31。  延伸查詢new window
20.黨炳康、全祖馨(2009)。北京奧運會的回顧與展望:兼論北京奧運經濟及後奧運問題。渭南師範學院學報,24(2),80-82。  延伸查詢new window
21.周進(2008)。近代城市公共空間的拓展與城市社會近代化--以北京爲例。北京聯合大學學報(人文社會科學版),1,35-39。  延伸查詢new window
22.楊保軍、靳東曉(2008)。快速城鎭化進程中的土地問題透視。城市與區域規劃研究,1(1),1-22。  延伸查詢new window
23.梁爽、祁嘉華(2010)。後現代主義建築在中國:以鳥巢、水立方和央視新大樓爲例。華中建築,28(7),4-6。  延伸查詢new window
24.倪鋒(2008)。什邡災後重建規劃建設初步思考。北京規劃建設,2008(6),10-13。  延伸查詢new window
25.Chalkley, B.、Essex, S.(1999)。Urban development through hosing international events: A history of the Olympic Games。Planning Perspectives,14,369-394。  new window
26.Dow, K.、Cutter, S. L.(2001)。Public orders and personal opinions: Houseld strategies for hurricane risk assessment。Environmental Hazards,2(4),143-155。  new window
27.Gerst, J. R.、Doms, M. M.、Daly, M. C.(2009)。Regional growth and resilience: Evidence from urban IT centers。FRBSF Economic Review,2009,1-11。  new window
28.Gold, J. R.、Gold, M. M.(2008)。Olympic cities: Regeneration, city rebranding and changing urban agendas。Geography Compass,2(1),300-318。  new window
29.Gunderson, L.(2010)。Ecological and human community resilience in response to natural disasters。Ecology and Society,15(2),1-11。  new window
30.Kim, S. S.、Petrick, J. F.(2005)。Residents, perceptions on impacts FIFA 2002 World Cup: The case of Seoul as a host city。Tourism Management,26(1),25-38。  new window
31.Roche, M.(2006)。Mega-events, and modernity revisited: Globalization and the case of Olympics。The Sociological Review,54(2),25-40。  new window
32.Silvey, R.(2009)。Development and geography: Anxious time, anemic geographies, and migration。Progress in Human Geography,33(4),507-515。  new window
33.Torrance, M. I.(2008)。Forging glocal governance? Urban infrastructures as networked financial products。International Journal of Urban Planning and Regional Research,32(1),1-21。  new window
34.Zhang, Y.、Lindell, M. K.、Prater, C. S.(2009)。Vulnerability of community business to environmental disasters。Disasters,33(1),38-57。  new window
35.He, Shen-Jing、Wu, Fu-Long(2005)。Property-led redevelopment in post-reform China: a case study of Xintiandi redevelopment project in Shanghai。Journal of Urban Affairs,27(1),1-23。  new window
36.Ritchie, J. R. B.(1984)。Assessing the impact of hallmark events: Conceptual and research issues。Journal of Travel Research,23(1),2-11。  new window
37.Cutter, Susan L.(2003)。The vulnerability of science and the science of vulnerability。Annals of the Association of American Geographers,93(1),1-12。  new window
38.Arrow, Kenneth J.(1963)。Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care。The American Economic Review,53(5),941-973。  new window
39.Ko, Dong-Wan、Stewart, William P.(2002)。A Structural equation model of residents' attitudes for tourism development。Tourism Management,23(5),521-530。  new window
40.Klein, Richard J. T.、Nicholls, Robert J.、Thomalla, Frank(2003)。Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept?。Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards,5(1/2),35-45。  new window
41.Oi, Jean C.(1992)。Fiscal Reform and the Economic Foundations of Local State Corporatism in China。World Politics,45(1),99-126。  new window
42.姜林(2008)。災害重建的金融支持政策制度設計:以四川綿陽地震災區為例。西南金融,8,18-19。  延伸查詢new window
43.Pelling, M.、Dill, K.(2010)。Disater politics: Tipping points for change in the adaptation of sociopolitical regimes。Progress in Human Geography,34(1),21-37。  new window
44.Rayner, S.(2007)。The rise of risk and the decline of politics。Environmental Hazards,7(2),165-172。  new window
45.Adam, R.、Liao, S.(2005)。Modeling regional economic resilience to disaster: A computable general equilibrium analysis of water service disruption。Journal of Regional Science,45(1),75-112。  new window
會議論文
1.姚軒鴿(2009)。災害道德價値問題研究。世界價値哲學論壇西安峰會暨第十屆中國價値哲學研討會。  延伸查詢new window
2.蘇瑛敏、林佳慧、陳俞翔(2010)。因應氣候變遷探討都市大型綠地生態規劃策略之研究。2010都市計劃學會、區域科學學會、地區發展學會、住宅學會聯合年會暨論文研討會。臺北市:國立政治大學地政學系。1-15。  延伸查詢new window
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研究報告
1.胡鞍鋼(2008)。汶州震後重建:建立中國特色的公私合作模式。北京:清華大學。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.翟光慧(2008)。2009高雄世運主場館賽後利用最佳策略之研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.王書錚(2003)。中共籌辦二○○八年奧運對北京市發展可能影響--北京奧運經濟個案分析(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.中國統計年鑒編委會(2011)。中國統計年鑒(2011年)。北京:中華人民共和國國家統計局。  延伸查詢new window
2.北京市地鐵運營有限公司(2012)。北京地鐵發展史。北京:北京出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.吳承忠(2008)。奧運機遇拉動下的北京休閒經濟發展。北京:中國經濟出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.李國平、薛領(2008)。產業與空間:北京市產業用地分析、評價與集約利用研究。北京:中國經濟出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.金磊(2003)。安全奧運論--城市災害防禦與綜合危機管理。北京:清華大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.郭耀(2008)。自然災害與社會易損性。北京:中國社會科學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.陳劍(2003)。北京奧運經濟研究。北京:北京出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.朝陽區統計局、海淀區統計局、石景山區統計局(2000)。國民經濟和社會發展統計公報。北京市:朝陽區統計局:海淀區統計局:石景山區統計局。  延伸查詢new window
9.顧朝林(2011)。北京首都圏發展規劃研究:建設世界城市的新視角。北京:科學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.Alterman, Rachelle(2002)。Planning in the Face of Crisis: Land Use, Housing, and Mass Immigration in Israel。New York:Routledge。  new window
11.Cutter, S. L.(2006)。Harards, Vulnerability and Environmental Justice。London:Earthscan。  new window
12.Ding, J.(2007)。The Reformed Public Health Insurance in Urban China: An Economic Assessment。Buffalo:State University of New York。  new window
13.Fainstein, S. S.(2001)。The City Builders。Kansas:University Press of Kansas。  new window
14.Pearson, L. J.、Newton, P. W.、Roberts, P.(2014)。Resilient Sustainable Cities: A Future。New York:Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group。  new window
15.Nyman, A. J.(2003)。The Theory of Demandfor Health Insurance。Stanford:Stanford University Press。  new window
16.Kingdon, John W.(1995)。Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies。Longman。  new window
17.Adger, N. W.、Lorenzoni, I.、O'Brien, K. L.(2009)。Adapting to climate change: Thresholds, values, governance。Cambridge:Cambridge University。  new window
18.Logan, John R.、Molotch, H.(1987)。Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place。University of California Press。  new window
其他
1.北京市統計局(2001)。北京統計年鑒,http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/sjfb/bssj/ndsj/, 2011/08/28。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳真誠(2008)。助漲期已過房價回跌奧運行銷仍大可作爲,http://blog.ce.cn/html/50/109550-80148.html, 2013/05/30。  延伸查詢new window
3.趙弘(2014)。不能把城市病演變成區域病,http://scitech.people.com.cn/ BIG5/n/2014/0523/c1007-25055310.html, 2014/06/03。  new window
 
 
 
 
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