中共國家主席習近平上任之初，外交重點多在經營太平洋地區的對外關係，最顯著者為推廣與美國的「新型大國關係」。近期，其外交重點拓及中亞、西亞及南亞，並透過各項區域會議，行銷「亞洲新安全觀」與簡稱「一帶一路」的經濟整合倡議。這兩大對外政策，一個以中國大陸國界以東的美國為對象，另一個則以國界以西的中亞、西亞及南亞為目標。「一東一西」的對外政策，顯示習近平的對外關係版圖呈現兼顧東向與西望的布局。本文首先分別探討「新型大國關係」及「亞洲新安全觀」與「一帶一路」倡議的定義、背景與意涵，接著比對兩種對外政策背後反映出的戰略盤算，最後分析兩者推行上面臨的挑戰。

Right after his ascendance as Mainland China’s leader, Xi Jinping focused most of his diplomatic efforts on managing the relations with countries in the Pacific, particularly that with the United States under the proposal of buildinga “New Type of Great Power Relations.” Recently, such focus has been expanded to Central, West, and South Asian regions, as he has been marketing the “New Asia Security Concept” and the so-called “One Belt One Road” economic integration initiative on various regional meetings. The two major foreign policies appeal to different audiences, with the former targeting the US located east of the Mainland China and the latter aiming at countries located west of the Chinese border, namely those in Central, West and South Asia. These foreign policies show a diplomatic landscape in which Xi Jinping gives considerations to both the east and the west. This article first of all respectively examines the definitions, backgrounds and implications of the “New Type of GreatPower Relations” as well as the “New Asia Security Concept” and “One Belt One Road” initiative. It then contrasts the strategic calculation behind the two foreign policies. Finally, it analyzes the challenges respectively faced by the two policies.