Background: Mental illness is a long-term chronic disease. Most of the institutionalization mental ill people live with their families in Taiwan. Families play a major role in providing care for their relatives with mental illness in Chinese culture, especially the parents. Caregivers’ burden is a complex and multidimensional construct that addresses the families perceived impacts for their caregiving tasks. Purposes: The aim of the present study was to investigate the caregivers’ burden and determine the predict factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study and purposive sampling were conducted for families who take care of mental ill people in north Taiwan. Structured questionnaires were utilized by face to face interviews to collected data. All the data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS 18.0. Results: 63.7% participants were in severe burden. The average score on family burden in each dimension, strain was the highest (2.11±0.97), followed by dependency(1.82±0.98), family disruption (1.75±0.96), stigma (1.52±1.16) and guilty (1.20±0.91). In logistic regression models, family burden predictors were economic loading (OR 8.459, 95% CI 2.061 - 34.719) and problem behaviors (OR 4.534, 95% CI 1.463 -14.055). Conclusions: Community psychiatric nurses should recognize the family burden risk factors and conduct better nursing plan for them to avoid further negative outcomes. Health care policy and practice about reduce the economic loading for family and how to enhance the function of deinstitutionalization mental ill people should be considered in more depth.