| 期刊論文| 1. | 林雲燦、張良漢(2010)。登山健行者擁擠感受：從休閒涉入及心理承諾之觀點。休閒事業研究，8(3)，96-108。 延伸查詢 | | 2. | Kuentzel, W. F.、Heberlein, T. A.(1992)。Cognitive and behavioral adaptations to perceived crowding: A panel study of coping and displacement。Journal of Leisure Research，24(4)，377-393。  | | 3. | Manning, R. E.、Valliere, W. A.、Wang, B.(1999)。Crowding norms: Alternative measurement approaches。Leisure Sciences，21(2)，97-115。 | | 4. | Absher, J. D.、Lee, R. G.(1981)。Density as an Incomplete cause of crowding In backcountry settings。Leisure Sciences，4(3)，231-247。 | | 5. | Bultena, G. L.、Field, D. R.、Womble, P.、Albrecht, D.(1981)。Closing the gates: A study of backcountry use limitation at Mount McKinley National Park。Leisure Sciences，4(3)，249-267。 | | 6. | Ditton, R. B.、Fedler, A. J.、Graefe, A. R.(1983)。Factors contributing to perceptions of recreational crowding。Leisure Sciences，5(4)，273-288。 | | 7. | Vaske, J. J.、Donnelly, M. P.、Heberlein, T. A.(1980)。Perceptions of Crowding and Resource Quality by Early and More Recent Visitors。Leisure Sciences，3(4)，367-381。 | | 8. | Manning, R. E.、Ciali, C. P.(1980)。Recreation Density and User Satisfaction: A Further Exploration of the Satisfaction Model。Journal of Leisure Research，12(4)，329-345。 | | 9. | Hammitt, W. E.、Knauf, L. R.、Noe, F. P.(1989)。A comparison of user vs researcher determined level of past experience on recreation preference。Journal of Leisure Research，21(2)，202-213。 | | 10. | 林晏州(20000300)。社會遊憩容許量評估方法之比較。戶外遊憩研究，13(1)，1-20。 延伸查詢 | | 11. | Vaske, J. J.、Schelby, B.、Graefe, A. R.、Heberlein, T. A.(1986)。Backcountry encounter norms: Theory, method and empirical evidence。Journal of Leisure Research，18(3)，137-153。 | | 12. | Graefe, Alan R.、Vaske, Jerry J.、Kuss, Fred R.(1984)。Social Carrying Capacity: An Integration and Synthesis of Twenty Years of Research。Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal，6(4)，395-431。 | | 13. | Arnberger, A.、Haider, W.(2005)。Social effects on crowding preferences of urban forest visitors。Urban Forestry & Urban Greening，3(3/4)，125-136。 | | 14. | Budruk, M.、Schneider, I. E.、Andreck, K. L.、Virden, R. J.(2002)。Crowding and satisfaction among visitors to a built desert attraction。Journal of Park and Recreation Administration，20(3)，1-17。 | | 15. | Laven, D. N.、Manning, R. E.、Krymkowski, D. H.(2005)。The relationship between visitor-based standards of quality and existing conditions in parks and outdoor recreation。Leisure Sciences，27(2)，157-173。 | | 16. | Manning, R.、Lime, D.、Friemund, W. A.、Pitt, P.(1996)。Crowding norms at front country sites: A visual approach to setting standards of quality。Leisure Sciences，18(1)，39-59。 | | 17. | Needham, M. D.、Rollins, R. B.、Wood, C. J. B.(2004)。Site-specific encounters, norms and crowding of summer visitors at alpine ski areas。International Journal of Tourism Research，6(6)，421-437。 | | 18. | Nielsen, J. M.、Shelby, B.、Haas, J. E.(1977)。Sociological carrying capacity and the last-settler syndrome。Pacific Sociological Review，20(4)，568-581。 | | 19. | Van Riper, C. J.、Manning, R. E.、Monz, C. A.、Goonan, K. A.(2011)。Tradeoffs among resource, social, and managerial conditions on mountain summits of the northern forest。Leisure Sciences，33(3)，228-249。 | | 20. | Manning, R. E.、Valliere, W. A.(2001)。Coping in outdoor recreation: Causes and consequences of crowding and conflict among community residents。Journal of Leisure Research，33(4)，410-426。 | | 21. | Shelby, B.(1981)。Encounter norms in backcountry settings: Studies of three rivers。Journal of Leisure Research，13(2)，129-138。 | | 22. | Shelby, B.、Vaske, J. J.、Heberlein, T. A.(1989)。Comparative analysis of crowding in multiple locations: Results from fifteen years of research。Leisure Sciences，11(4)，269-291。 | | 23. | 陳沛悌、林晏州(19970900)。秀姑巒溪泛舟活動社會心理容許量之探討。戶外遊憩研究，10(3)，19-36。 延伸查詢 | | 24. | Westover, T. N.、Collins, J. R. Jr.(1987)。Perceived crowding in recreation settings: an urban case study。Leisure Sciences，9(2)，87-99。 | | 25. | Vaske, J. J.、Donnelly, M. P.(2002)。Generalizing the encounter-norm-crowding relationship。Leisure Sciences，24(3/4)，255-269。 | | 26. | Gramann, J. H.、Burdge, R. J.(1984)。Crowding perception determinants at intensively developed outdoor recreation sites。Leisure Sciences，6(2)，167-186。 | | 27. | Arnberger, A.、Brandenburg, C.(2007)。Past on-site experience, crowding perceptions, and use displacement of visitor groups to a peri-urban national park。Environmental Management，40(1)，34-45。 | | 28. | Manning, R. E.、Freimund, W. A.(2004)。Use of visual research methods to measure standards of quality for parks and outdoor recreation。Journal of Leisure Research，36(4)，557-579。 | | 29. | Manning, R.、Lawson, S.、Newman, P.、Laven, D.、Valliere, W.(2002)。Methodological issues in measuring crowding-related norms in outdoor recreation。Leisure Sciences，24(3/4)，339-348。 | | 30. | Vaske, J.、Shelby, L.(2008)。Crowding as a descriptive indicator and an evaluative standard: Results from 30 years of research.。Leisure Sciences，30(2)，111-126。 | 圖書| 1. | Manning, R. E.(2007)。Parks and carrying capacity: commons without tragedy。Washington, DC：Island Press。 | | 2. | Daniel, T. C.、Boster, R. S.(1976)。Measuring landscape aesthetics: The scenic beauty estimation method。Fort Collins, CO：Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station。 | | 3. | Manning, R. E.(1999)。Studies in outdoor recreation: Search and research for satisfaction。Corvallis, Oregon：Oregon State University Press。 | | 4. | Shelby, B.、Heberlein, T. A.(1986)。Carrying capacity in recreation settings。Corvallis, Oregon：Oregon State University Press。 | | 5. | Booth, K. L.、Cessford, G. R.、McCool, S. F.、Espiner, S. R.(2011)。Exploring visitor experiences, crowding perceptions and coping strategies on the Milford Track。Wellington：New Zealand Science for Conservation。 | | 6. | Budruk, M.、Manning, R. E.、Valliere, W. A.、Wang, B.(2002)。Perceived crowding at Boston Harbor Islands National Park Area。Portland：USDA Forest Service。 | | 7. | Hall, T. E.、Cole, D. N.(2007)。Changes in the motivations, perceptions, and behaviors of recreation users: Displacement and coping in wilderness。Fort Collins, CO：U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station。 | | 8. | Schreyer, R.、Roggenbuck, J.、McCool, S.、Royer, L.、Miller, J.(1976)。The Dinosaur National Monument Whitewater River recreation study。Logan, UT：Utah State University。 | | 9. | 林晏州(1998)。運用視覺評估法評定遊憩容許量之研究。臺北：行政院國家科學委員會。 延伸查詢 | 其他| 1. | Heberlein, T. A.，Vaske, J. J.(1977)。Crowding and visitor conflict on the Bois Brule River(report WIS WRC 77-04)。，Madison, WI：University of Wisconsin Water Resources Center。 | |