On October 29, 2015, during ＂18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fifth session,＂ China passed an amendment on the population and family planning, trying to improve the population development strategy by allowing every couple in People's Republic of China to have two children. This is the amendment after the reform in 2013 on one-child policy, which allowed couples if either of the parents is an only child to have a second child. PRC's three-decade-old one-child policy has become history. In 2010, the PRC sixth census showed the population reached 13.32 hundred million, the census undergo difficulties such as people's rising privacy awareness, the interviewee refuse to be interviewed and internal migration. Compared with the fifth census, the population was 12.66 hundred million, despite the additional 0.66 hundred million population growth. Under the growing population, PRC still adjust its family planning policy. The intention and meaning of changing policy are worth a discussion among us. Although there is no family planning policy in Taiwan, we are still facing the aging population and slow fertility rate problems. According to the Ministry of the Interior the population report estimates, the number of people aged 65 and above will reach 2.53 million in 2011. By 2036, 6.47 million people will be over 65. At the same time, the number of elementary and junior high school children aged 7 to 15 is rapidly shrinking, from 2.45 million to 1.7 million people, so aging population will inevitably lead to the impact of national defense forces.