圖書| 1. | Frankfurt, Harry G.(2005)。On Bullshit。Princeton University Press。   |
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| 9. | Benjamin, W.、Zohn, H.(1970)。Illuminations。London：Jonathan Cape。 |
| 10. | Davis, E.(2017)。Post-truth: Why we have reached peak bullshit and what we can do about it。London：Little, Brown。 |
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| 12. | Wardle, Claire、Derakhshan, Hossein(2017)。Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making。Council of Europe。 |
| 13. | Wu, Tim(2016)。The attention merchants: The epic scramble to get inside our heads。Alfred A. Knopf。 |
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| 15. | Pariser, Eli(2011)。The filter bubble: What the internet is hiding from you。Penguin Press。 |
其他| 1. | Wardle, C.(20170216)。Fake news? It's complicated，https://firstdraftnews.com/fake-news-complicated/。 |
| 2. | 羅世宏(2016)。有一種歧視叫「臉書歧視」，http://dajia.qq.com/original/category/lsh20161117.html。 延伸查詢 |
| 3. | Armstrong, M.(2017)。Fake news is a real problem，https://www.statista.com/chart/6795/fake-news-is-a-real-problem/。 |
| 4. | Beckett, C.(2017)。'Fake news': the best thing that's happened to journalism，http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/polis/2017/03/11/fake-news-the-best-thing-thats-happened-to-journalism/。 |
| 5. | Camp, F.(20171021)。Former FEC head proposes 'government regulation' of 'fake news'，http://www.dailywire.com/news/22575/former-fechead-proposes-government-regulation-frank-camp#。 |
| 6. | Carson , J.(20170316)。What is fake news? Its origins and how it grew in 2016，http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/fake-newsorigins-grew-2016/。 |
| 7. | Chadwick, Paul(20170512)。Defining fake news will help us expose it，https://www.theguardian.com/media/commentisfree/2017/may/12/defining-fake-news-will-help-us-expose-it。 |
| 8. | Dullien, S.，Shapiro, J.(2017)。How to avoid a post-truth world. European Council on Foreign Relations，http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_how_to_avoid_a_post_truth_world。 |
| 9. | The Economist(20160910)。Yes, I'd lie to you。 |
| 10. | The Economist(20160910)。Tweetaganda，https://www.economist.com/europe/2016/09/10/tweetaganda。 |
| 11. | The Economist(20171104)。How the world was trolled。 |
| 12. | Elgan, M.(2017)。Why fake news is a tech problem，https://www.computerworld.com/article/3162020/it-industry/why-fake-news-is-a-tech-problem.html。 |
| 13. | Faris, R. M.，Roberts, H.，Etling, B.，Bourassa, N.，Zuckerman, E.，Benkler, Y.(2017)。Partisanship, propaganda, and disinformation: Online media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election，https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33759251/2017-08_electionReport_0.pdf?sequence=9。 |
| 14. | Gershgorn, D.，Murphy, M.(2017)。Facebook is hiring more people to moderate content than Twitter has at its entire company，https://qz.com/1101455/facebook-fb-is-hiring-more-people-to-moderate-content-thantwitter-twtr-has-at-its-entire-company/。 |
| 15. | Goodman, E. P.(2016)。Facebook Should Consider Subsidizing and Promoting Local News，http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/12/facebook_should_consider_subsidizing_local_news.html。 |
| 16. | Goodman, E. P.(20171002)。Zuckerberg wants to repent for Facebook's sins? He can start here，https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/02/mark-zuckerberg-repent-facebooks-sins。 |
| 17. | Gottfried, J.，Shearer, E.(2016)。News use across social media platforms 2016，https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2016/05/26/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016/。 |
| 18. | Howard, Phil(20161123)。Is social media killing democracy?，https://pnhoward.medium.com/is-social-media-killing-democracy-ebce00776dde。 |
| 19. | Kaminska, I.(20170117)。A lesson in fake news from the info-wars of ancient Rome，https://www.ft.com/content/aaf2bb08-dca2-11e6-86ac-f253db7791c6。 |
| 20. | Lazer, David，Baum, Matthew，Grinberg, Nir，Friedland, Lisa，Joseph, Kenneth，Hobbs, Will，Mattsson, Carolina，Mele, Nicco(2017)。Combating fake news: An agenda for research and action，https://shorensteincenter.org/combating-fake-news-agenda-for-research/。 |
| 21. | Lynn, B.，Stoller, M.(20171102)。How to stop Google and Facebook from becoming even more powerful，https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/nov/02/facebook-google-monopoly-companies。 |
| 22. | MacDonald, E.(2017)。The fake news that sealed the fate of Antony and Cleopatra，https://theconversation.com/the-fake-news-that-sealed-the-fate-of-antony-and-cleopatra-71287。 |
| 23. | Morozov, E.(20170108)。Moral panic over fake news hides the real enemy: the digital giants，https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/08/blaming-fake-news-not-the-answer-democracy-crisis。 |
| 24. | Niklewicz, K.(2017)。Weeding out fake news: An approach to social media regulation，https://www.martenscentre.eu/sites/default/files/publication-files/mcweeding_out_fake_news_v3_web.pdf。 |
| 25. | Niklewicz, K.(2017)。Do we need to regulate social media?，https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/do-we-need-regulate-social-media-konrad-niklewiczphd。 |
| 26. | Paul, C.，Matthews, M.(2016)。The Russian 'Firehose of Falsehood' Propaganda Model，http://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE198.html。 |
| 27. | Pennycook, G.，Rand, D. G.(2017)。The implied truth effect: Attaching warnings to a subset of fake news stories increases perceived accuracy of stories without warnings，https://ssrn.com/abstract=3035384。 |
| 28. | Pennycook, G.，Cannon, T.，Rand, D. G.(2017)。Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news，https://ssrn.com/abstract=2958246。 |
| 29. | Shearer, E.，Gottfried, J.(2017)。News use across social media platforms 2017，https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2017/09/07/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2017/。 |
| 30. | Shumate, R.(2017)。Fake news isn't new; history offers a way to fight it，http://mediashift.org/2017/05/fake-news-isnt-new-historyoffers-way-fight/。 |
| 31. | Silverman, C.(2011)。The backfire effect: More on the press's inability to debunk bad information，http://archives.cjr.org/behind_the_news/the_backfire_effect.php。 |
| 32. | Silverman, C.，Alexander, A.(20161104)。How teens in the balkans are duping trump supporters with fake news，https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo。 |
| 33. | Silverman, C.(20161117)。This analysis shows how viral fake election news stories outperformed real news on Facebook，https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook。 |
| 34. | Silverman, C.，Strapagiel, L.，Shaban, H.，Hall, E.，Singer-Vine, J.(20161021)。Hyperpartisan Facebook pages are publishing false and misleading information at an alarming rate，https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/partisan-fb-pages-analysis?utm_term=.qa3K3AZDb#.xrg2OnvgW。 |
| 35. | Srnicek, N.(20170830)。We need to nationalise Google, Facebook and Amazon: Here's why，https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/aug/30/nationalise-google-facebook-amazon-data-monopolyplatform-public-interest。 |
| 36. | Stamos, A.(20170906)。An update on information operations on Facebook，https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/09/information-operations-update/。 |
| 37. | Stanley, J.(20161104)。Beyond lying: Donald Trump's authoritarian reality，https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/05/opinion/beyondlying-donald-trumps-authoritarian-reality.html。 |
| 38. | Thompson, D.(2017)。What Facebook and Google can learn from the first major news hoax，https://medium.com/the-atlantic/whatfacebook-and-google-can-learn-from-the-first-major-news-hoax-2f202a829b54。 |
| 39. | Wakefield, J.(20171011)。Facebook and Twitter could face 'online abuse levy'，http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-41566833。 |
| 40. | Wang, S.(2017)。The scale of misinformation online is global. First Draft is pushing for more collaboration--and more research--as an antidote，http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/11/the-scale-of-misinformation-online-is-global-firstdraft-is-pushing-for-more-collaboration-and-more-research-as-an-antidote/。 |
| 41. | Wardle, C.(2016)。6 types of misinformation circulated this election season，https://www.cjr.org/tow_center/6_types_election_fake_news.php。 |
| 42. | Weedon, J.，Nuland, W.，Stamos, A.(2017)。Information operations and Facebook，https://fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/facebook-and-information-operations-v1.pdf。 |
| 43. | Zuckerman, E.(20170125)。Fake news is a red herring，http://www.dw.com/en/fake-news-is-a-red-herring/a-37269377。 |